
GcOT^Iitl^^u 



COFiJ^GlIT DEPOSm 





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TO LOVERS OF MUSIC 

Throughout the Republic. <:r|^ 

5 

THE \^'\'^ 

SMITH AMERICAN ORGAN COMPANY 

Desire to call attention to their various styles of instruments, furnished with vibrating reeda 
that are so voiced and harmonized ai to be capable of all the effects of the finest 

Parlor and Church Organs. 

By patient experiments, aided by scientific skill, they have been able to produce tones of full 
body, musical and characteristic quality, even and steady power, and to place them under the 
perfect control of the player. Every portion of the mechanism has been the subject of conscien- 
tious study. The action is as quick and responsive as in the piano-forte. The ample bellows keeps 
a uniform pressure. The reeds are in well-distinguished groups, and are capable of broadly con- 
trasted effects. The swell answers to the player's thought, as though it were thje natural stress of 
his own voice. 

Those who are not familiar with the recent improvements in reed organs can 
hardly understand their present capahililies. 

VISITORS AND RESIDENTS 

are alike cordially invited to hear and judge for themselves. They will find tha.t this Company, 
which is the 

Oldest in New Sngland, 

has been active and vigilant in adopting all real improvements, and in preserving all approved 
excellencies. 
The manufactory is net far from the 

GEOGRAPHICAL CENTRE 

of the city, bein? on Tremont Street, just above the crossing of Dover Street. THE HORSE- 
CARS STARTING FROM THE TREMONT HOUSE reach the factory in alout ten 
minutes. Courteous Salesmen and accomplished Organists are ready to exhibit the instruments. 
The Company will send, on application, to any address, their CATALOGUE, containing a 
history of the Reed Organ, clear and trustvrorthy descriptions of the diff rent styles, beautiful 
engravings from photographs, and 
.It 

Abundant Testimonial fs 

from the highest musical authorities. They will satisfy any fair inquirers that, both in PRICE 
AND QUALITY, their instruments are the most desirable now n^a^e. 

BOSTON, 187ti. 







OSTON ILLUSTRATED 



I. A GLANCE AT ITS HISTOEY. 

BOSTON was originally "by tlie Indians called Shawmutt,'* 
but tlie colonists of 1630, wandering southward from their land- 
ing-place at Salem, named it Trimountaine. Charlestown, which 
was occupied by them in July, 1630, was speedily abandoned because 
there was found no good spring of water, and the peninsula close 
by having been bought of its sole inhabitant, the settlement was 
transferred thither on the 7th of September, 0. S. (17th N. S.). 

On the same day the court held at Charlestown ordered that Trimountaine be called 

Boston. This name was given to it in memory of Boston in Old England, from 

which many of the colonists had emigrated, and which was the former home of 

Mr. Isaac Johnson, next to Governor Winthrop the most important man among 

the band of emigrants. The name of Trimountaine, which has been transformed 

into Tremont, was peculiarly appropriate. As seen from Charlestown, the peninsula 

seemed to consist of three high hills, 

afterwards named Copp's, Beacon, and 

Fort. And the highest of the three was 

itself a trimountain, having three shar]i 

little peaks. It seems to be agreed that 

this peculiarity of Beacon Hill Avas Avhat 

gave to the place its ancient name. 
The first settler in Boston was Mr 

William Blaxton, or Black stone, who 

had lived here several years when the 

Massachusetts Colony was formed. Soon 

after selling the land to the new company 

„ . . ,1 .,T T . .1 1 MR. BLACKSTONE'S HOUSE. 

of nnmigrants, he withdrew to the place 

which now bears his name, the town of Blackstone, on the border of Rhode Island. 




Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by James R. Osgood & Co., in the 
Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
1 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Boston was selected as the centre and metropolis of the Massachusetts Colony. 
The nucleus of the Colony was large, and the several toAvns lying along the coast 
were, under all the circumstances, rapidly settled. During the year 1630 as many 
as fifteen hundred persons came from England. In ten years not less than twen- 
ty thousand had 
been brought 
over. The records 
show that in 1639 
there was a mus- 
ter in Boston of 
the militia of the 
Colony to the num- 
ber of a thousand 
able - bodied and 
well - armed men. 
It is impossible to 
learn accurately 
the population of 
Boston at any time 
during the first 
century after its 
settlement, since 
no enumeration 
was made ; but 
there is authority 
for the statement 
that in 1674 there 
were about fifteen 
hundred families 
in the town, and 
the population of 
Kew England was 
then reckoned at 
one hundred and 
twenty thousand. 
The early histo- 
ry of Boston has 
been an almost in- 
exhaustible field 
for the researches 
of local antiqua- 
ries. Considering that almost three quarters of a century elapsed before the first 
newspaper was printed, the materials for making a complete account of the events 
that occurred, and for forming a correct estimate of the habits and mode of life 
of the people, are remarkably abundant. The records have been searched to good 
purpose. Still it is to visitors that we are indebted for some of the most quaint 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 3 

and interesting pictures of early New England life. An English traveller, named 
Edward Ward, published in London in 1699 an account of his trip to New 
Endand in which he describes the customs of Bostonians in a lively manner, and 
perhaps with a degree of truthfulness, though some parts of the story are evidently 
exa^crerated Mr. Ward thought it a great hardship that "Kissing a Woman in 
PubSc tho' offer'd as a Courteous Salutation," should be visited with the heavy 
punishment of whipping for both the offenders. There were even then "stately 
Edifices, some of which have cost the owners two or three Thousand Pounds sterling," 
and this fact Mr. Ward rather illogically conceived to prove the truth of two old 
adacres " That a Fool and his Money is soon parted ; and, Set a Beggar on Horseback 
he'll ride to the Devil ; for the Fathers of these Men were Tinkers and Peddlers." He 
seemed to have a very low opinion of the religious and moral character of the people. 
Mr Daniel Neal, who wrote a book a few years later, found " the conversation in this 
town as polite as in most of the cities and towns in England," and he describes the 
houses, furniture, tables, and dress as being quite as splendid and showy as those of 
the most considerable tradesmen in London. 

But while we find such abundant means of judging the people of Boston, hardly a 
vestioe of the town as it appeared to the earliest settlers remains. We have, it is 
true,"in a good state of preservation still, the three most ancient burial-grounds of 
the town • lialf a dozen very old trees remain ; about as many buildings. Some of the 
narrow and crooked streets at the North End have retained their early devious course, 
but o-enerally appear upon the map under changed names. Nothing else of Boston 
in its first century is preserved. The face of the country has been completely trans- 
formed. The hills have been cut down, and the flats surrounding the peninsula have 
been filled so that it is a peninsula no longer. Place side by side a map of Boston 
as it appeared in 1722, and the latest map, and any resemblance between them can 
hardly be traced. The old water line has disappeared completely. On the east, the 
west, and the south, nearly a thousand acres once covered by the tide have been re- 
claimed, and are now covered with streets, dwellings, and warehouses. 

It would be interesting to dwell upon the early history of Boston, and to discover 
indications of the gradual formation of the New England character, but all this 
curious study must be left to the historian. A few facts and dates only can find a 
place here. Boston was from the first a commercial town. Less than a year had 
elapsed since the settlement of the town when the first vessel built in the colony was 
launched. We may infer something in regard to the activity of the foreign and 
coasting trade from the statement of Mr. Neal, before referred to, that "the masts 
of ships here, and at proper seasons of the year, make a kind of wood of trees like 
that we see upon the river of Thames about Wapping and Limehouse" ; and the same 
author says that twenty-four thousand tons of shipping were at that time, 1719, 
cleared annually from the port of Boston. It was not until four years after the 
settlement of the town that a shop was erected separate from the dwelling of the 
proprietor. In these early days the merchants of Boston met with many reverses, 
and wealth was acquired but slowly in New England generally. Nevertheless, the 
town was on the whole prosperous. In 1741 there were forty vessels upon the stocks 
at one time in Boston, showing that a quick demand for shipping existed at that 
period. At the close of the seventeenth century, Boston was probably the largest 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




FIRST CHURCH IN BOSTON. 



and wealthiest town in America, and it has ever since retained its rank among the 
very first towns on the continent. 

The colonists brought their minister with them, — the Eev. John Wilson, who 
was ordained pastor of the church in Charlestown, and afterwards of the church in 

Boston. But the meeting-house was not 
huilt until 1632. This building was 
very small and very plain, within and 
without. It is believed to have stood 
nearly on the spot where Brazer's Build- 
ing now stands, near the Old State 
House, in State Street. In 1640 the 
same society occupied a new, much larger 
and finer building, which stood on the 
site now occupied by Joy's Building on 
Washington Street. This second edifice 
stood seventy-one years, and was destroyed by fire in 1711. The "First 
Church" removed a few years ago from Chauncy Street to its present very elegant 
church building on Berkeley Street. Several other churches were established very 
soon after the "First," and there are now in existence as many as nine church 
organizations dating back to the first hundred years after the place was settled. The 
fathers of the town were sternly religious, 
outwardly at all events. The evidences are 
abundant that they were also zealous for 
education. The influence of Harvard Col- 
lege, in Cambridge, was strong upon Bos- 
ton from the first ; but a public school had 
been voted by the town in 1635, three years 
before Harvard was founded. We have seen 
the testimony of an Englishman as to the 
polished manners, intelligence, and educa- 
tion of the inhabitants of Boston, and this 
evidence is confirmed by our own records 
and by the long line of eminent clei'gy- 
men, writers, and orators born in the town. 
It was here that the first newspaper 
ever published on the American continent, 
the "Boston News Letter," appeared on 
the 24th of April, 1704. Two years later 
the first great New England journalist, and afterwards a philosopher, statesman, 
and diplomatist, was born in a little house that stood near the head of Milk Street, 
and that is still remembered by some of the oldest citizens of Boston. It was 
destroyed by fire at the close of the year 1811, after having stood almost a hundred 
and twenty years. 

The history of the thirty years preceding the Revolution is full of incidents show- 
ing the independent spirit of the inhabitants of Boston, their determination not to 
submit to the unwarrantable interference of the British government in their affairs, 




BIRTHPLACE OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



and particularly to the unjust taxation imposed upon tlie Colonies, and their willing- 
ness to incur any risks rather than yield to oppression. As early as 1747 there was 
a great riot in Boston, caused by the aggression of British naval officers. Commodore 
Knowles, being short of men, had impressed sailors in the streets of Boston. The 
people made reprisals by seizing some British officers, and holding them as hostages for 
the return of their fellow-citizens. The excitement was very great, but the affair ter- 
minated by the release of the impressed men and the naval officers, the first victory 
registered to the account of the resisting colonists. Twenty years later the town was 
greatly agitated over the Stamp Act ; and hardly had the excitement died away when, 
on March 5, 1770, the famous Boston Massacre took place. The story is familiar 
to every school-boy. The affair originated without any special grievance on either 
side, but the whole population took the part of the mob against the soldiers, showing 
what a deep-seated feeling of hostility existed even then. The scene of this massacre 
was the square in King Street, now State Street, below the Old State House. The 
well-known woodcut of the scene shows the 
State House in the background, but in a 
form quite different from the present. This 
building was erected in 1748, on the site 
occupied by the Town House destroyed by 
fire the year previous. It has long been 
given up to business purposes, the interior 
has been completely remodelled, and the 
edifice surmounted by a roof that has wholly 
destroyed the quaint effect of the original 
architecture. It was in its day, we are 
assured by history, "an elegant building." 
The accompanying picture shows the Old 
State House in its ancient form. How it 
appears to-day may be seen from the view on another page. The funeral of the 
victims of the massacre was attended by an immense concourse of people from 
all parts of New England, and the impression made by the conflict upon the 
patriotic men of that day did not die out until the war of the Kevolution had 
begun. The day was celebrated for several years as a memorable anniversary. 
The newspapers of the day did their full share towards keeping up the excite- 
ment. The "Massachusetts Spy," which began publication in Boston in 1770, was 
one of the most earnest of the patriotic press, and two or three years before the be- 
ginning of the war had, at the head of its columns, an invocation to Liberty, with a 
coarse woodcut of a serpent cut into nine parts, attacked by a dragon. The several 
parts of the serpent were marked "N. E." for New England, "N. Y.," "N. J.," 
and so on, and above this cut was the motto "Join, or Die." 

The destruction of the tea in Boston Harbor was another evidence of the spirit of 
the people. The ships having "the detested tea" on board arrived the last of 
November and the first of December, 1773. Having kept watch over the ships to 
prevent the landing of any of the tea until the 16th of December, and having 
failed to compel the consignees to send the cargoes back to England, the people were 
holding a meeting on the subject on the afternoon of the 16th, Avhen a formal refusal 




THE OLD STATE-HOUSE. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



by the Governor of a permit for the vessels to pass the castle without a regular cus- 
tom-house clearance was received. The meeting broke up, and the whole assembly 
followed a party of thirty persons disguised as Indians to Griffin's (now Liverpool) 
Wharf, where the chests were broken open and their contents emptied into the dock. 
The secret of the participators in this affair has been well kept, and it is doubtful 
if any additional light will ever be thrown upon it. It has been claimed, though on 
very doubtful authority, that the plot was concocted in the quaint old building 
that stood until a few years since on the corner of Dock Square and North (formerly 

Ann) Street. -This 
building was con- 
structed of rough- 
cast in the year 
1680, after the 
great fire of 1679 ; 
and was until 
1860, when it was 
taken down, one 
of the most curi- 
ous specimens of 
architecture in 
Boston. A cut of 
this old building 
is given, without 
any voucher of the 
tradition that as- 
signs to a certain 
room in it the ori- 
gin of a bold act 
that led to such 
momentous conse- 
quences. 

The people of the town took as in-ominent a part in the war when it broke out as 
they had taken in the preceding events. They suffered in their commerce and in 
their property by the enforcement of the Boston Port Act, and by the occupation of 
the town by British soldiers. Their churches and burial-grounds were desecrated by 
the English troops, and annoyances without number were put upon them, but they 
remained steadfast through all. General "Washington took command of the Ameri- 
can army July 2, 1775, in Cambridge, but for many months there was no favorable 
opportunity for making an attack on Boston. During the Avinter that followed, the 
people of Boston endured many hardships, but their deliverance was near at hand. 
By a skilful piece of strategy Washington took possession of Dorchester Heights on 
the night of the 4th of March, 1776, where earthworks were immediately thrown up, 
and in the morning the British found their enemy snugly ensconced in a strong 
position both for offence and defence. A fortunate storm prevented the execution of 
General Howe's plan of dislodging the Americans ; and by the 17th of March his 
situation in Boston had become so critical that an instant evacuation of the town 




OLD HOUSE IN DOCK SQUARE. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



was imperatively necessary. Before noon of that day the whole British fleet was 
under sail, and General Washington was marching triumphantly into the town. Our 
sketch shows the heights of Dorchester as they appear to-day ; yet it is easy to see 
from it how completely the position commands the harbor. No attempt was made 




VIEW OF DORCHESTER HEIGHTS. 

by the British to repossess the town. At the close of the war Boston was, if not the 
first town in the country in point of population, the most influential, and it entered 
immediately upon a course of prosperity that has continued with very few interrup- 
tions to the present time. 

The first and most serious of these interruptions was that which began with the 
embargo at the close of the year 1807, and which lasted until the peace of 1815. 
Massachusetts owned, at the beginning of that disastrous term of seven years, one 
third of the shipping of the United States. The embargo was a most serious blow 
to her interests. She did not believe in the constitutionality of the act, nor in its 
wisdom. She believed that the real motives which were assigned for its passage 
were not those alleged by the President and the majority in Congress, and this view 
was confirmed by subsequent events. The war that followed she judged to be a 
mistake, and. her discontent was aggravated by the usurpations of the general gov- 
ernment. Nevertheless, in response to the call for troops she sent more men than any 
other State, and New England furnished more than all the slave States that were so 
eager in support of the administration. In all the proceedings of those eventful 
years Boston men were leaders. Holding views that were unpopular, and that many 
deemed unpatriotic, they held them with pluck and persistence to the end. 

Again, in the war of the Rebellion, having been one of the foremost communi- 
ties in the opposition to slavery, Boston was again a leader, this time on the popular 



8 ' BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

side. In this war, in which she onl}^ took part by furnishing men and means to 
carry it on at a distance, and in supporting it by the cheeTing and patriotic words 
of those who remained at home, her history is that of Massachusetts. During the 
four years of conflict the city and State responded promptly to every call of every 
nature from the general government, and furnished troops for every department of 
the army, and money in abundance to carry on the war and to relieve suffering in 
the field. Boston alone sent into the army and navy no less than 26,119 men, of 
whom 685 were commissioned ojflicers. 

Boston retained its town government until 1822. The subject of changing to the 
forms of an incorporated city was much discussed as early as 1784, but a vote of the 
town in favor of the change Avas not carried until January, 1822, when the citizens 
declared, by a majority of about six thousand five hundred out of about fifteen thou- 
sand votes, their preference for a city government. The Legislature passed an act 
incorporating the city in February of the same year, and on the 4th of March the 
charter was formally accepted. The city government, consisting of a mayor, Mr. 
John Phillips, as chief executive officer, and a city council composed of boards of 
eight aldermen and forty-eight common councilmen, was organized on May 1, 

During the last half-century the commercial importance of Boston has experi- 
enced a reasonably steady and constant development. The industries of New Eng- 
land have in that time grown to immense proportions, and Boston is the natural 
market and distributing point for the most of them. The increase of population 
and the still more rapid aggregation of wealth tell the story far more effectively than 
words can do it. In 1790 the population of the town was but eighteen thousand 
and thirty-three. The combined population of the three towns of Boston, Eox- 
bury, and Dorchester at intervals of ten years, is given in the following table : — 



Year. Population. 

1800 30,049 

1810 40,386 

1820 51,117 

1830 70,713 



Year. Population. 

1840 107,347 

1850 163,214 

1860 212,746 

1870 250,526 

The valuation of real and personal property in the last forty years shows a still 
more marvellous increase. The ofl&cial returns at intervals of five years shows : — 



Year. Valuation. 

1835 $79,302,600 

1840 94,581,600 

1845 135,948,700 

1850 180,000,500 



Year. Yaluation. 

1855 $241,932,200 

1860 278,861,000 

1865 371,892,775 

1870 584,089,400 

In 1840 the average amount of i^roperty owned by each inhabitant of Boston was 
less than nine hundred dollars, but in 1870 it had increased to an average of more 
than twenty-three hundred dollars. And the value of all the property in Boston is 
more than seven times as great as it was thirty-five years ago. 

The growth of Boston has, notwithstanding these very creditable figures, been 
very seriously retarded by the lack of room for expansion. Until the era of rail- 
roads it was impracticable for gentlemen doing business in Boston to live far from 
its corporate limits. Accordingly it was necessary to " make land" by filling the 
flats as soon as the dimensions of the peninsula began to be too contracted for the 



10 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

population, and business gathered upon it. Some very old maps show how early 
this enlargement was commenced ; and hardly any two of these ancient charts 
agree. During the present century very great progress has been made. All the 
old ponds, coves, and creeks have been hlled in, and on the south and south- 
west the connection with the mainland has been so widened that it is now 
as broad as the broadest part of the original peninsula ; and the work is not 
yet finished. In other respects the improvements have been immense. All the 
hills have been cut down, and one of them has been entirely removed. The streets 
which were formerly so narrow and crooked as to give point to the joke that they 
were laid out upon the paths made by the cows in going to pasture, have been 
widened, straightened, and graded. Whole districts covered with buildings of brick 
and stone have been raised, with the structures upon them, many feet. The city 
has extended its authority over the island, once known as Noddle's Island, now East 
Boston, which was almost uninhabited and unimproved until its purchase on specu- 
lation in 1830 ; over South Boston, once Dorchester Neck, annexed to Boston in 
1804 ; and finally, by legislative acts and the consent of the citizens, over the ancient 
municipalities of Roxbury and Dorchester. The original limits of Boston comprised 
but six hundred and ninety acres. By filling in flats eight hundred and eighty 
acres have been added. By the absorption of South and East Boston and by filling 
the flats surrounding these districts seventeen hundred acres more were acquired, and 
Roxbury contributed twenty-one hundred acres, and Dorchester forty-eight hundred. 
The entire present area of the city is therefore ten thousand one hundred and seventy 
acres, — nearly fifteen times as great as the original area. Meanwhile, the numerous 
railroads radiating from Boston and reaching to almost every village within thirty 
miles, have rendered it possible for business men to make their homes far away from 
their counting-rooms. By this means scores of suburban towns, unequalled in ex- 
tent and beauty by those surrounding any other great city of the country, have been 
built up, and the value of property in all the eastern part of Massachusetts has been 
very largely enhanced. These towns are most intimately connected with Boston in 
business and social relations, and in a sense form a part of the city. It is this 
theory that has led to the annexation of Eoxbury and Dorchester already, and which 
will undoubtedly lead at no distant day to the absorption of others of the surround- 
ing cities and towns, in some of which we shall find places and objects to be illus- 
trated and described. The relation of these towns to Boston is shown in the plan 
on the preceding page. 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. H 



II THE NOETH END. 




HE extension of the limits of Boston and the movement of business and 
j)opulation to the southward have materially changed the meaning at- 
tached to the term North End. In the earliest days of the town, the Mill 
Creek separated a part of the town from the mainland, and all to the north 
of it was properly called the North End. For our present purpose we include in that 
division of the city all the territory north of State, Court, and Cambridge Streets. 
This district is, perhaps, the richest in historical associations of any part of Boston. 
It was once the most important part of the town, containing not only the largest 
warehouses and the public buildings, but the most aristocratic quarter for dwelling- 
houses. But this was a long time ago, A large part of the North End proper has been 
abandoned by all residents except the poorest and most vicious classes. Among the 
important streets may be mentioned Commercial, Avith its solidlj'' built warehouses, 
and its great establishments for the sale of grain, ship-chandlery, fish, and other 
articles ; Cornhill, once the head-quarters of the book-trade, and still devoted 
largely to the same business ; the streets radiating from Dock Square, crowded with 
stores for the sale of cutlery and hardware, meats, wines, groceries, fruit, tin, copper 
and iron-ware, and other articles of household use ; and Hanover, lately widened, 
and now as formerly a great market for cheap goods of all descriptions. Elsewhere 
in this district are factories for the production of a variety of articles, from a match 
to a tombstone, from a set of furniture to a church bell. 

There are but a few relics remaining of the Nortli End of .the olden time. The 
streets have been straightened and widened, and go under different names from those 
first given them, and most of the ancient buildings have fallen to decay and been re- 
moved. Among such as are still left to us, the most conspicuous and the most famous 
is old Faneuil Hall, the "Cradle of Liberty." This building was a gift to the town by 
Mr. Peter Faneuil. For more than twenty years before its erection the need of a pub- 
lic market had been felt, but the town Avould never vote to build one. In 1740 Mr. 
Faneuil off'ered to build a market at his own expense, and give it to the town, if a 
vote should be passed to accept it, and keep it open under suitable regulations. 
This noble offer was accepted by the town, after a hot discussion, by a narrow major- 
ity of seven. The building was erected in 1742 ; and only five years later the oppo- 
sition to the market-house system was so powerful that a vote was carried to close the 
market. From that time until 1761 the question whether the market should be open 
or not was a fruitful source of discord in local politics, each party to the contest scor- 
ing several victories. In the last-named year Faneuil Hall was destroyed by fire. 
This seems to have turned the current of popular opinion in favor of the market, for 
the town immediately voted to rebuild it. In 1805 it was enlarged to its present size. 
From the time the Hall was first built until the adoption of the city charter in 1822, 
all town meetings were held within its walls. In the stirring events that preceded 
the Kevolution it was put to frequent use. The spirited speeches and resolutions ut- 



12 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




FANEUIL HALL AND QUINCY MARKET, 



tered and adopted within it were a most potent agency in exciting the patriotism of 
all the North American colonists. In every succeeding great crisis in our country's 
history, thousands of citizens have assembled beneath this roof to listen to the patri- 
otic eloquence of their leaders and counsellors. The great Hall is peculiarly fitted 
for popular assemblies. It is seventy-six feet square and twenty-eight feet high, and 
possesses admirable acoustic properties. The floor is left entirely destitute of seats, 
by which means the capacity of the hall, if not the comfort of audiences, is greatly 
increased. Numerous large and valuable portraits adorn the walls, — an original full- 
length painting of Washington, by Stuart ; another of the donor of the building, 
Peter Faneuil, by Colonel Henry Sargent ; Healy's great picture of Webster rej^lying 
to Hayne ; excellent portraits of Samnel Adams and the second President Adams ; of 
General Warren and Commodore Preble ; of Edward Everett, Abraham Lincoln, and 
John A. Andrew ; and of several others prominent in the history of Massachusetts 
and the Union. The Hall is never let for money, but it is at the disposal of the peo- 
ple whenever a sufficient number of persons, complying with certain regulations, ask 
to have it opened. The city charter of Boston, which makes but a very few restric- 
tions upon, the right of the city government to govern the city in all local affairs, 
contains a wise provision forbidding the sale or lease of this Hall. 

The new Faneuil Hall Market, popularly known as Quincy Market, originated in a 
recommendation by Mayor Quincy in 1823. The corner-stone was laid in April, 1825, 
and the structure was completed in 1827. The building is five hundred and tliirty- 
five feet long and fifty feet wide, and is two stories in height. This great market- 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



13 




THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. 



house was "built at a cost of $ 150,000, upon made land ; and so economically were its 
affairs managed that the improvement, including the opening of six new streets and 
the enlargement of a seventh, was accomplished without the levying of any tax, and 
without any increase of the citj^'s debt. 

Quite at the other extreme of our North End district is situated the only other 
building of a public nature within it to be noticed here, — the IMassachusetts General 
Hospital, — a structure of imposing appearance and devoted to most beneficent uses. 
This institution had its origin in a bequest of 1 5,000 made in 1799, but it was not 
until 1811 that _, ^^^-^ 

the Hospital 
was incorporat- 
ed. The State 
endowed it 
with a f e e - 
simple in the 
old Province 
House, which 
was subse- 
quently leased 
for a term of 
ninety- nine 
years. The 
Massachusetts 

Hospital Life Insurance Company was required by its charter to pay one third of 
its net profits to the Hospital. Large sums of money were raised by private sub- 
scription both before the institution had begun operations and every year since. 
On the 1st of January, 1872, the general fund of the Hospital amounted to 
$888,258.17; the total of restricted funds at the same date being $470,533.78. 
The aggregate of funds not invested in real estate was $559,046.85. During the 
preceding year the income of the corporation was $211,302.41, and the expenses 
amounted to $238,458.45. These figures are for the Hospital proper, and for the 
McLean Asyliun for the Insane at Somerville, which is a branch of the institution. 

The handsome granite building west of Blossom Street was erected in 1818, and 
enlarged by the addition of two extensive wings in 1846. The stone of the original 
building was hammered and fitted by the convicts at the State Prison. The sj^stem 
on which this noble institution is managed is admirable, in that it is so designed as 
to combine the principles of gratuitous treatment and the payment of their expenses 
by those who are able to do so. The hospital turns none away who come within the 
scope of its operations, while it has room to receive them, however poor they may be. 
It has been greatly aided in its work by the generous contributions and bequests of 
wealthy people. The fund permanently invested to furnish free beds amounts to 
more than f 375,000, and the annual contributions for free beds during the year 
1871 supported one hundred and seventeen of them at $100 each. To those who 
are able to pay for their board and for medical treatment the charges are in all cases 
moderate, never exceeding the actual expense. During the last year more than fifteen 
hundred patients were treated for a longer or a shorter time, of whom more than two 



14 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



thirds were treated free. This number, however, represents only such as were admitted 
into the hospital ; nearly ten thousand out-patients also received advice, medicine, or 
surgical or dental treatment. It will show more clearly how great good is done pre- 
cisely where it is most needed, if we say that out of 889 male patients admitted to 
the wards during the year, 660 were classed as mechanics, laborers, seamen, teamsters, 
and servants ; while of 539 female patients, 317 were classed as domestics, seamstresses, 
and operatives. Statistics sometimes tell a story of good work well done more graph- 
ically than pages of eloquent praise, and this is true of this noble institution. 

Four of the eight railroads terminating in Boston have their stations in. 
this part of the city, — thi-ee of them within a stone's throw of each other, on 
Causeway Street. Our view represents the stations of the Eastern and Fitchburg 
Eailroads, with a section of the new Lowell station in the foreground. The 
former is an unpretentious building of brick, erected in 1863, after the destrac- 

tion by fire of 
the former sta- 
tion, and is 
small and inad- 
equate to do the 
immense busi- 
ness which the 
Eastern road has 
built up. Meas- 
ures are now in 
progress to sub- 
stitute a new 
and larger sta- 
tion. The East- 
ern Railroad, by 
arrangement 
with the Maine 
Central Eail- 
road, now runs 
its cars through 
to Bangor, Me., 
there making 
close connection 

EASTERN AND FITCHBURG RAILROAD STATIONS. with the rail- 

road to St. John, New Brunswick. In addition to the extensive through travel thus 
secured, it performs an exceedingly large amount of local business for the cities and 
towns along the coast to Portsmouth. In 1847 the total number of passengers car- 
ried on this line Avas but 651,408. The number carried during the year ending Sep- 
tember 30, 1871, was 4,610,277. 

The station of the Fitchburg Eailroad is represented at the extreme right hand 
of our sketch. It was built in 1847, the terminus of the road having previously 
been in Charlestown. In a great hall in the upper part of this structure, two grand 
concerts were given by Jenny liind in October, 1850, to audiences numbering 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



15 



on each occasion more than four thousand people. The agents of Mr. Barnum, 
who was at that time paying her $1,000 for each concert, sold, for the second con- 
cert, tickets to a thousand more people than could be accommodated. The manager 
was accordingly obliged to refund the money the next day, to his own chagrin 
and to the infinite disgust of those who had failed to hear the great Swedish 
singer. Even with the disappointed thousand excluded, the hall was so densely 
packed that very many ladies fainted, and there was at times serious danger of a 
panic. The newspapers of the day remarked with admiration upon the magical 
effect of Jenny Lind's voice in calming and restoring to order the crowded multitude. 
The Fitchburg Railroad passes through several important suburban towns, and trans- 
acts an extensive local and through business. Upon the completion of the Hoosac 
Tunnel, by which time the entire line to Troy, N. Y., will probably be consolidated, 
it is expected that the Fitcliburg road will become a very important route for pas- 
sengers and freight from the West. 

Our sketch of the Lowell Railroad Station is of the station that is to be, and that is 
now rapidly constructing. When completed it will be inferior in size to very few railroad 
stations in the country, 
and second to none in 
elegance and the pro- 
visions made for the 
comfort of travellers. 
It is to be seven hun- 
dred feet long, and will 
have a front of two hun- 
dred and five feet on 
Causeway Street ; the 
material is to be face 
brick with trimmings of 
I^ova Scotia freestone. 
The engraving shows 
the elegance of the 
building ; but it cannot 
display the great arch 
of the train-house, 
which has a clear span 
of one hundred and 
twenty feet without any 
central su])port. This train-house will shortly be ready for use, but the entire struc- 
ture Avill not be finished until the fall of 1873. The Lowell Railroad, by its connec- 
tion with routes to Montreal and the West, has secured a very large through busi- 
ness, in addition to its great and increasing local traffic. 

The Boston and Maine Railroad, alone of all the lines entering the city on the north 
side, enjoys the privilege of penetrating within the outer street. Its station is in 
Haymarket Square, and the open space in front of it gives prominence to the 
structure. The station has within two or three years been greatly enlarged and im- 
proved, so that it is now, internally, one of the lightest and pleasantest edifices of the 




BOSTON AND LOWELL RAILROAD STATION. 



16 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



kind in the 
city. The Maine 
road has a very 
large local bu- 
siness, serving 
the towns of 
Maiden, Mel- 
rose, Reading, 
Wakefield, and 
Andover, and 
the cities of 
Haverhill and 
Lawrence. At 
present it ex- 
tends only to 
South Berwick, 
in Maine, 
where it joins 
the Eastern 
Railroad ; but 

HAYMARKET SQUARE. j. J^ ^ J • ^^ ^ ^^ 

Portland is rapidly building, and will soon be opened. 

The old North Buryiug-ground, on Copp's Hill, was the second established in the 
town. Its original limits, when first used for interments in 1660, were much smaller 





copp's hill burying-ground. 

than now, and the enclosure did not reach its present size until about forty years ago. 
Like most of the remaining relics of the early times, this burial-ground bears traces 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED, 



17 



of the Revolutionary contest. The British soldiers occupied it as a military station, 
and used to amuse themselves by firing bullets at the gi'avestones. The marks made 
in this sacrilegious sport may still be discovered by careful examination of the stones. 
One of these most defaced is that above the grave of Captain Daniel Malcom, which 
bears an inscription speaking of him a§ "a true son of Liberty a Friend to 

THE PUBLICK AN EnEMY TO OPPRESSION AND ONE OF THE FOREMOST IN OPPOS. 

ING THE Revenue Acts on America." 

This refers to a bold act of Captain Malcom, in landing a valuable cargo of wines, in 
1768, without paying the duty upon it. This was done in the night under the guard 
of bands of men armed with clubs. It would be called smuggling at the present 
day, but when committed it was deemed a laudable and patriotic act, because the 
tax Avas regarded as unjust, oppressive, and illegal. The most noted persons whose 
bodies repose within this enclosure were undoubtedly the three Reverend Doctors 
Mather, — Increase, Cotton, and Samuel ; but there are many curious and interest- 
ing inscriptions to read, which would well repay a visit. The burying-ground is 
even now a favorite place of resort in the warmer months, and the gates stand hos- 
pitably open to callers, though they have long been closed against the admission of 
new inhabitants.. It is to the credit of the city, that, when it became necessary in 
the improvemejit of that section of the city to cut down the hill to some extent, 
the burying- 
ground was left 
untouched, and 
the embankment 
protected by a 
high stone-wall. 

Two of the 
leading hotels of 
Boston are in 
this district of 
the city. The 
American House, 
on Hanover St., 
is the largest 
public house in 
New England, 
and one of the 
best. Its exter- 
nal appearance 
has been verj^ 
greatly improved 
by the recent 
widening of Han- i?^ 
over Street. It 
covers the sites 
of four former 
hotels, — Earle's, 




18 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



the Merchants', the Hanover, and the old American Houses, It was rebuilt in 
1851, and numerous additions have been made since. The interior has also been 
completely remodelled within a few years, and many of the rooms are exceedingly 
elegant, while the furniture of the house is throughout handsome and substantial. 
A splendid passenger elevator was added to the house when it was refitted, and as 
the furnishing of the rooms is uniform on all the floors, the highest rooms are as 
desirable as those on the second story. The grand dining-room is an immense hall, 
capable of seating at one time more than three hundred people ; when lighted at 
night it is one of the most brilliant halls in Boston, having at either end mammoth 
mirrors reaching from the floor to the ceiling. The American has long been a 
favorite resort for strangers in the city on business, and it is practically the head- 
quarters of the shoe and leather trade. It has been under one management for 
thirty-five years. 

The Eevere House is not strictly within the limits of the district Ave have drawn, 
but it is separated from that district only by the width of a single street. It is a 

building of fine ap. 
pearance, as will be 
seen from our sketch. 
It was erected by 
the Massachusetts 
Charitable Mechanic 
Association, and was 
for a long time under 
the management of 
the veteran Paran 
Stevens. It was, of 
course, named in 
memory of Paul Re- 
vere, the patriotic 
mechanic of Boston 
before and during the 
Revolution, and the 
first president of the 
Charitable Mechanic 
Association. Colonel 
Revere was a com- 
panion and fellow- 
Avorker with Samuel 
Adams, James Otis, Joseph Warren, and others of the leaders of opinion in the days 
of Stamp and Tea Acts. He helped the cause in various ways, — by engraving 
with friendly but unskilful hand the portraits of Adams and others ; by casting 
church bells to be rung and cannon to be fired ; by printing paper money, which 
was, however, neither a valuable currency nor a commendable Avork of art ; by words 
and deeds of patriotism that entitle him to grateful remembrance by all Americans. 
The A^ersatile colonel appears in the first Directory of Boston, for 1789, as a gold- 
smith doing business at No. 50 Cornhill, — now "Washington Street. The hotel 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



19 



which bears his name has entertained more distinguished men than any other in 
Boston. The Prince of Wales occupied apartments in the Kevere on his visit to 
the city twelve years ago. President Grant has been a guest of the house, and in 
the winter of 1871 it was the head-q[uarters of the Grand Duke Alexis of Eussia. 
The Revere is situated in Bowdoin Square. 

Durino- the past year one of the old landmarks of the north part of the city has 
been in process of demolition. The church in Brattle Square was long known as the 
Manifesto Church, the original members having put forth in 1699, just before their 
church was dedicated, a document declaring their aims and purposes. While 
themselves adopting ^^--^^ 

the belief which was 
then universal among 
the Congregational 
churches of the time, 
they conceded the 
right of difference of 
belief among the 
members. What 
Congre gation al 
churches were to 
those ruled by ec- 
clesiastical supe- 
riors, or by con- 
vocations, the indi- 
vidual member of the 
j\lanifesto Church 
was to be to the mem- 
bers of other Con- 
gregational church- 
es, and the distinc- 
tion between church 
and congregation was 
abolished. Expect- 
ing a difficulty in 
getting ordained in 

Boston, their hrst minister was ordained in London. The modest church edifice built 
in 1699 was taken down in 1772, and the building just demolished, erected on the same 
spot, was dedicated on the 25th of July, 1773. During the Eevolution the pastor, who 
was a patriot, was obliged to leave Boston, services were suspended, and the British 
soldiery used the building as a barrack. A cannon-ball from the rebel battery on 
Bunker Hill, at the famous bnttle on the 17th of June, 1775, struck the church ; and 
this memento of the glorious contest was afterwards built into the external wall of 
the church, above the porch. Among the long line of eminent clergymen who have 
been pastoi's of this church, may be mentioned the late Edward Everett, who is so 
much better known as a statesman than as a minister that the fact of his having 
been a clergyman is frequently forgotten. The old church was sold in 1871, and the 




BRATTLE SQUARE CHURCH. 



20 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



last service was held in it July 30 of that year, a memorial sermon being preached 
on that occasion by the pastor, the Eev. Dr. S. K. Lothrop. The ancient pulpit, the 
old bell, the organ, the historic cannon-ball, and some other mementoes, were re- 
served at the sale. The society is now erecting a large and elegant structure at the 
corner of Commonwealth Avenue and Clarendon Street. 

The oldest church in the city is Christ Church, Episcopal, on Salem Street. The 
Episcopalian denomination was for a long time of slow gi'owth in Boston ; but in 

1723, notwithstanding the 
enlargement of King's Chap- 
el, then a society of the 
Church of Englaiid, in 1710 
the number of Church peo- 
ple was so large that it was 
necessary to found a new so- 
ciety. The corner-stone was 
laid in April, 1723, and the 
church was dedicated in De- 
cember of the same year. 
This is the first and only 
building ever occupied by the 
society. During the Revo- 
lution, the rector of Christ 
hurch, the Rev. Mather 
llyles, Jr., left the town on 
ccount of his sympathy Avith 
he royal cause. The steeple 
f tiiis church is a very prom- 
inent landmark, and is one 
of the most noticeable fea- 
tures in appioaching the 
city from the harbor. It is, 
however, but a copy, as ac- 
curate as could be made, of 
the original steeple, which 
was blown down in the great gale of October, 1804. The tower contains a fine chime 
of eight bells, upon which have been rung joyful and mournful peals for more than 
a century and a quarter. 

Only one of the great daily newspapers of the city is published within the ISTorth 
End district, — the Daily Advertiser. The Advertiser is the oldest daily paper in 
Boston, having nearly reached the sixtieth year of continuous publication. It is a 
little curious that the site now occupied by the Advertiser as a permanent home, 
after a protracted period of migration, is that from which James Franklin issued the 
first number of the New England Courant, in 1721. The same spot was again occu- 
pied by a printing-office in 1776, by the Independent Chronicle, which was suspended 
during the Revolution. The Advertiser has succeeded to the rights of the Chronicle, 
and therefore considers that when it took possession of its present building, in 1867, 




CHRIST CHURCH, SALEM STREET. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



21 



— a building, by the way, admirably suited to its purpose, — it merely returned to its 
first home. The first number of the Daily Advertiser ever published thus announced 
the character of the paper: " The predominant feature of the Daily Advertiser will 
be commercial, — yet it will be by no means destitute of a political character." This 
promise it has kept 
strictly. At times 
it has fallen behind 
some of its contem- 
jioraries in enter- 
prise, but within the 
last eight or ten 
years it has resumed 
once more its old 
place among the 
foremost journals of 
New England. 

At the head of 
Washington Street, 
in a most conspicu- 
ous position, stands 
the gi^eat printing 
establishment of 
Rand, Avery, & Co. 
The office was estab- 
lished many years 
ago, and was very 
small at first, but 
has gradually grown 
to its present im- 
mense proportions. 
The building in 
v/hicli this firm is 
located stands six 
stories high on Corn- 
hill and Washington 

Street, seven stories high on Brattle Street, and is over one hundred and fifty feet 
long. In this building every part of the art of book-making is performed, — type- 
setting, stereotyping, presswork, and binding. More than two hundred persons 
are constantly employed, and nearly as many more are in one way or another de- 
pendent upon the vast business transacted here, — the establishment being one of 
the largest printing-offices in the country. The processes of book-making are very 
interesting under any circumstances, and they are doubly so when they are trans- 
acted on a large scale, with all the appliances of modern machinery. 

At this point Washington Street makes a curious short curve to the right, and 
terminates in Dock Square. It has long been suggested to continue Washington 
Street through to the northern part of the city, giving a more direct as well as a 




22 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



wider avenue to the railroad stations and to CliarlestoAvn than at present exists. 
This plan has been urged more persistently of late than ever before. In case it 
should be carried out, the extension of the street would pass directly through the 
fine building represented in the accompanying view. 




VIEW AT THE HEAD OF WASHINGTON STREET. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. ' 23 



III. THE WEST END. 



-^(. 




T was, perhaps, fortunate for the people of Boston that the original j)enin- 
siila was so uneven of surface. The physical geography of the town 
determined the laws of its growth and development. It was inevitable 
that the business of Boston in its early days, being chiefly commercial, 
should cluster near the wharves. It was natural that the high hills should be 
chosen for residences. When, in the progress of the town, the merchants burst 
through the ancient limits of trade, they insensibly followed the line of level ground, 
and left the hills covered with dwelling-houses. It was not until Fort Hill had 
been wholly surrounded by mercantile houses that the people residing upon that 
once beautiful eminence reluctantly retired. It is only within a few years that the 
quieter branches of business — agencies, architects' and lawyers' offices — have 
begun to mount Beacon Hill, and the progress is so slow that there seems but little 
prospect that a business movement in that direction will meet with much success. 
From the difficulty that business almost always experiences in ascending a hill has 
resulted the preservation of a very large section of the city in the immediate 
neighborhood of business, which is still, and is likely to remain, a desirable place 
for residences. This section is generally called the West End, — a term which is, 
like the North End, very difficult to be defined. AVe have already included in the 
latter division a part of what is usually termed the West End, and we must now, 
for convenience' sake, embrace within the limits of the West End a part of the 
South End. Our division includes all that part of the city south and west of 
Cambridge, Court, and Tremont Streets, to the line of the Boston and Albany 
Eailroad, following the line of that railroad to Brookline. These boundaries take in 
the whole of Beacon Hill, the Common and Public Garden, and most of the Back 
Bay new land. 

It has already been said that Beacon Hill, the highest in Boston, has been shorn 
of its original proportions. It is to-day neither very steep nor very high, nor is it 
easy to convey any intelligible idea of its original character by giving the altitude 
of its highest point above the level of the sea. Those who are familiar with the 
neighborhood will understand the extent of the changes, however, when it is said 
that the three peaks of "Trea Mount" Avere where Pemberton Square, the Reservoir, 
and Louisburg Square now are. The hill was cut down in the early years of the 
present century, and Mount Vernon Street was laid out at that time ; but it was 
not until 1835 that the hill where Pemberton Square now is was removed, and that 
square laid out. Beacon Hill obtained its name from the fact that, for almost a 
century and a half from the settlement of the town, a tall pole stood upon its 
summit, surmounted by a skillet filled with tai-, to be fired in case it was desired to 
give an alarm to the surrounding towns. After the Revolution a monument took 
its place, which stood until 1811, and was then taken down to make room for 
improvements. 



^4 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

The higliest point of the hill in its i^resent shape is occupied by the Massachusetts 
State House, an illustration of which is given on the cover of this book. So prom- 
inent is its position that it is impossible to make a comprehensive sketch of the 
city that does not exhibit the dome of the State House as the central point of the 
background. The land on which it stands was formerly Governor Hancock's cow- 
pasture, and was bought of his heirs by the town and given to the State. The 
corner-stone was laid by the Freemasons, Paul Revere grand master, in 1793, Gov- 
ernor Samuel Adams being present and making an address on the occasion. It 
was lirst occupied by the Legislature in January, 1798. In 1852 it was enlarged 
at the rear by an extension northerly to Mount Yernon Street, an improvement 
which cost considerably more than the entire iirst cost of the building. In 1866 
and 1867 it was very extensively remodelled inside. 

There are a great many points of interest about the State House. The statues of 
Webster and Mann, on either side of the approach to the building, will attract 
notice, if not always admiration. Within the Doric Hall, or rotunda, hours may 
be spent by the stranger in examining the objects that deserve attention. Here is 
the fine statue of Washington, by Chantrey ; here are arranged in an attractive 
manner, behind glass protectors, the battle-flags borne by Massachusetts soldiers in 
the war against Rebellion ; here are copies of the tombstones of the Washington 
family in Brington Parish, England, presented to Senator Sumner by an English 
nobleman, and by the former to the State ; here is the admirable statue of Governor 
Andrew ; here are the busts of the patriot hero Samuel Adams, of the martyred Presi- 
dent Lincoln, and of Senator Sumner ; near by are the tablets taken from the 
monument just mentioned which was erected on Beacon Hill after the Revolution to 
commemorate that contest. Ascending into the Hall of Representatives, Ave find 
suspended from the ceiling the ancient codfish, emblem of the direction taken by 
Massachusetts industry in the early times. In the Senate Chamber there are also 
relics of the olden time and portraits of distinguished men. From the cupola, 
which is always open when the General Court is not in session, is to be obtained one 
of the finest views of Boston and the neighboring country. A register of the 
visitors to the cupola is kept in a book prepared for the purpose. During the last 
season, between the Gth of June and the 22d of December, no less than 42,990 
persons ascended the long flights of stairs to obtain this view of Boston and its 
suburbs, an average of three hundred a day. 

The statue of Governor Andrew in Doric Hall is one of the most excellent of our 
portrait statues. It represents the great war governor as he appeared before care 
had ploughed its lines in his face. This statue was first unveiled to public view 
when it was presented to the State on the 14th of February, 1871. Its history is 
as follows : In January, 1865, a meeting was held in Faneuil Hall, at which it was 
voted to raise a fund for the erection of a statue to the late Edward Everett. The 
response was much more liberal than was necessary for the original purpose, and 
after the statue on the Public Garden, to be mentioned hereafter, was finished, a 
large surplus remained. The portrait of Everett now in Faneuil Hall was procured 
and paid for, a considerable sum was voted in aid of the equestrian statue of Wash- 
ington, and of the balance, ten thousand dollars were appropriated for a statue of 
Andrew, which the State subsequently passed a formal vote to accept. The artist 



BOS TON ILL US Til A TED. 



25 



■was Thomas Ball, a native of Charlestown, but now resident in Florence. The 
marble is of beautiful texture and whiteness, and the statue is approved both for its 
admirable likeness of the eminent 
original and for its artistic merits. 
There is nothing in Boston of 
which Bostonians are more truly 
l^roud than of the Common. Other 
cities have larger and more preten- 
tious public grounds ; none of thenii 
can boast a park of greater natural 
beauty, or better suited to the pur- 
poses to which it is put. There are 
no magnificent drives, for teams are 
not admitted within the sacred pre- 
cincts. Everything is of the plain- 
est and homeliest character. A part 
of the Common is left to itself, and 
is as barren as the feet of ten thou- 
sand 3'outliful ball-players can make 
it. There is the Frog Pond, with its 
fountain, where the boys may sail 
their miniature ships at their own 
sweet will. There is the deer park, 
a delightful and popular resort for 
the youngest of the visitors to this 
noble public space. All the malls 
and paths are shaded by fine old trees, 
which have their names somewhat 
pedantically labelled upon them, giv- 
ing an admirable oj^portunity for the 
study of what we may call grand 
botany. On bright spring days the Common is resorted to by thousands of boys, 
who find here ample room to give vent to their surplus spirit and animation, free 
from all undue restraint. On summer evenings the throng of promenaders is very 
great, ffnd of itself testifies to the value placed by all classes upon this opportunity 
to get a breath of fresh air in the heart of the city. 

The history of the Common has been written several times, but there are never- 
theless curiously erroneous notions prevalent in regard to the manner in which it 
became public ground, and the power of the city over it. The territory of Boston 
was purchased from Mr. Blaxton by the corporation of colonists who settled it. The 
land was then divided among the several inhabitants by the officers of the town. A 
part of it was set off" as a training-field and as common ground, subject originally to 
further division in case such a course should be thought advisable. In 1640 a vote 
was passed by the town, in consequence of a movement on the part of certain citi- 
zens that was discovered and thwarted none too soon, that, with the exception of 
*' 3 or 4 lotts to make vp y« streete from bro Robte Walkers to y« Round Marsh," no 




THE ANDREW STATUE. 



26 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



more land should be granted out of the Common. It is solely by the power of this 
vote and the jealousy of the citizens sustaining it that the Common was kept sacred 

to the uses of the 
people as a whole 
from 1640 until the 
ptdoption of the city 
charter, when, by 
the desire of the citi- 
zens, and by the con- 
sent of the Legisla- 
ture, the right to 
alienate any portion 
of the Common was 
expressly withheld 
from the city gov- 
ernment. 

The earliest use to 
which the Common 
was put was that of 
a pasture and a train- 
ing-field on muster 
daj^s. The occupa- 
tion of the Common 
as a grazing - field 
continued until the 
year 1830, but it was 




ii piston 



THE FROG POND. 

by no means w^holly given up to that use. 



As early as 1675 an English traveller, Mr. 



John Josselyn, published in London an "Account of Two Voyages," in which occurs 
the following notice of Boston Common : "On the south there is a small but pleas- 
ant Common, where the Gallants a little before sunset walk with their Marmalet- 
Madams, as we do in Moorfields, etc., till the nine a clock Bell rings them home to 
their respective habitations, when presently the Constables walk their rounds to see 
good orders kept, and to take up loose people." Previous and long subsequent to 
this the Common was also the usual place for executions. Four persons at least were 
hanged for witchcraft between 1656 and 1660. Murderers, pirates, deserters, and 
others were put to death under the forms of law upon the Common, until, in 1812, a 
memorial signed by a great number of citizens induced the selectmen to order that 
no part of the Common should be granted for such a purpose. Those Avho have 
studied the history of Boston most closely are of opinion that on more than one 
occasion a branch of the great Elm was used as the gallows. And near that famous 
tree was the scene of a lamentable duel, in 1728, that resulted in the death of a very 
pronusing young man. The level ground east of Charles Street has been used from 
the very earliest times as a parade-ground. Here take place the annual parade and 
drum-head election of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, the oldest 
military organization in the country, and here the Governor delivers to the newly 
elected officers their commissions for the year. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



27 



The original boundary of tlie Common was quite different from the present. On 
the west it was bounded by the low lands and flats of the Back Bay ; on the north 
by Beacon Street to Tremont Street ; thence by an irregular line to West Street ; 
and thence to the corner of Boylston and Carver Streets, and upon that line to the 
water. Upon that part bounded by Park, Beacon, and Tremont Streets were once 
situated the granary, the almshouse, the workhouse, and the bridewell. In 1733 a 
way was established across the Common where Park Street (which was formerly 
called Centry Street) now is. Since the establishment of that street, the land occu- 
pied by the institutions above named has been sold for private purposes. Compen- 
sation has been made to some extent by the addition of the land in the ano-le 
between Tremont and Boylston Streets. The land for the burying-ground was 
bought by the town in 1757, and that part where is now situated the deer park in 
1787. On the west a considerable piece was cut off when Charles Street was laid out, 
in 1803, but here also there was rather a gain than a loss, since the piece so 
amputated was enlarged by filling flats, and added to the public grounds. The area 
of the Common is now very nearly forty-eight acres. 

It would be impossible within our limits to mention all that is of interest upon 
and about the Common ; but some things cannot be passed over. Tlie Old Elm is 
perhaps the chief ob- 
ject of interest still, 
though its symmetri- 
cal beauty is gone. 
This great tree is cer- 
tainly the oldest "Wf^? 
known tree in New 
England. It was large 
enough to find a place 
on the map engraved 
in 1722, and on the 
great branch broken 
off by the gale of 1860 
could be easily count- 
ed nearly two hundred 
rings, carrying the age 
of that branch back 
to 1670. It is sur- 
mised that the sup- 
posed witch, Ann 
Hibbens, was hanged 
upon it in 1656, and 
if so, it could have 
hardly been less than the old elm, boston common. 

twenty-six years old, which would make the Old Elm as old as the town of Bos- 
ton. Great care has been taken to preserve this tree. A gale in 1832 caused it 
much injury, and the limbs were restored to their former places at great cost and 
with much labor, after which they were secured by iron bands and bars. The great 




28 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



gale of June, 1860, tore off the largest limb and otherwise mutilated it, and again 
it was restored as far as was possible, and the cavity was filled up and covered. 
In September, 1869, the high wind that tore the roof from the first Coliseum 
and blew down the spires of so many churches in Boston and vicinity, made havoc 
with the remaining limbs, taking off one great branch that was forty-two inches 
in circumference. The iron fence around the tree was put up in 1854. 

The Frog Pond was, probably, in ^^he early days of Boston, just Avhat its name 
indicates, — a low, marshy spot, filled with stagnant water, and the abode of the 
tuneful batrachiau. The enterprise of the early inhabitants is credited with having 
transformed it into a real artificial pond. This pond was the scene of the formal 
introduction of the water of Cochituate Lake into Boston, on the 25th of October, 
1848. A great procession was organized on that da}^, under the direction of the city 
government, which marched through the principal streets to the Common, where, 
after a hymn sung by the Handel and Haydn Society, a prayer, an ode written by 
James Russell Lowell and sung by the school-children, addresses by the Hon. 
Nathan Hale and by Mayor Qiiincy, the Avater was let on through the gate of the 
fountain, amid the shouts of the people, the roar of cannon, the hiss of rockets, and 
the ringing of bells. 

The burying-ground on Boylston Street, formerly known as the South, and later 
as the Central Burying-ground, is the least interesting of the old cemeteries of Bos- 
ton. It was opened in 1756, but the oldest stone, with the exception of one which 
was removed from some other ground, or which perpetuates . a manifest error, is 
dated 1761. The best-known name upon any stone in the graveyard is that of 
Monsieur Julien, the inventor of the famous soup that bears his name, and the 
most noted restaurateur of Boston in the last century. 

One of the most conspicuous objects on the Common is the Brewer fountain, the 
gift to the city of Gardner Brewer, Esq. , which began to play for the first time on 

June 3, 1868. It is a copy, 
in bronze, of a fountain de- 
signed by the French artist 
Lienard, executed for the 
Paris World's Fair of 1855, 
where it was awarded a gold 
medal. The great figures at 
the base represent Neptune 
and Amphitrite, Acis and Ga-- 
latea. The fountain was cast 
in Paris, and was procured, 
brought to this country, and 
set up at the sole expense of 
the public - spirited donor. 
Copies in iron have been made 
for the cities of Lyons and 
Bordeaux ; and an exact copy, 
in bronze, of the fountain on the Common was made for Said Pacha, the late Vice- 
roy of Egypt. 




THE BREWER FOUNTAIN. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED, 



29 



Upon the old Flagstaff Hill, close by the Frog Pond and the Old Elm, will stand 
the Soldiers' Monument, the corner-stone of which was laid with appropriate 
ceremonies September 18, 1871. Upon a granite platform will rest the plinth, 
in the form of a Greek cross, with four panels in which will be inserted bas-reliefs 
representing the Sanitary Commission, the Navy, the Departure for the War, and 
the Return. At each of the four corners will be a statue of heroic size, representing 
Peace, History, the Army, and the Navy. The die upon the plinth will also be 
richly sculptured, and upon it, surrounding the shaft in alto-relievo, will be four 
allegorical figures, representing the North, South, East, and "West. The shaft is to 
be a Roman Doric column, the whole to be surmounted by a colossal statue of 
America, resting on a hemisphere, guarded by four figures of the American eagle, 
with outspread wings. "America " will hold in her left hand the national standard, 
and in her right she will support a sheathed sword and wreaths for the victors. The 
extreme height of the monument will be ninety feet, and it will not be completed 
for a year or more. The artist is Mr. Martin Millmore, of Boston. 

There are very few spots on the Common with which some Bostonian has not a 
pleasant association. Almost everj^ citizen and visitor has rejoiced in the grateful 
shade of the Tre- 
mont Street Mall, 
or the arching elms 
of the Beacon Street 
Mall, on a hot sum- 
mer's day. Few 
would care to tramp 
upon the burning 
bricks of the side- 
walks when there is 
so pleasant a path 
close at hand. But 
the associations are 
by no means con- 
fined to the mere ex- 
perience of comfort 
beneath the shadow 
of these wide-spread- 
ing trees. How 
many thousand 
" gallants " have 
walked these malls 
with their "marma- 
let-madams," hold- 
ing sweet converse 

the while ! The inimitable Dr. Holmes has laid the scene of one of the pleasantest 
courtships in literature at the head of one of the malls branching from the one 
which our view represents. The "autocrat of the breakfast-table" had engaged 
passage for Liverpool, that he might escape forever from the sight of the fascinating 




BEACON STREET MALL. 



30 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



schoolmistress if she turned a deaf ear to his petition. Having thus provided a way 
of escape, he planned to take a walk with her. 

"It was on the Common that we were walking. The mall, or boulevard of our 
Common, you know, has various branches leading from it in different directions. 
One of these runs down from opposite Joy Street, southward across the length of 
the whole Common to Boylston Street. We called it the long path, and were fond 
of it. 

'* I felt very weak, indeed, (though of a tolerably robust habit,) as Ave came oppo- 
site the head of this path on that morning. I think I tried to speak twice without 
making myself distinctly audible. At last I got out the question, ' Will you take the 
long j)ath with me ? ' 'Certainly,' said the schoolmistress, 'with much pleasure.' 
'Think,' I said, 'before you answer ; if you take the long path with me now, I 
shall interpret it that we are to part no more ! ' The schoolmistress stepped back 
with a sudden movement, as if an arrow had struck her. 

" One of the long granite blocks used as seats was hard by, the one you may 
still see close by the Ginko tree. ' Pray, sit down,' I said. ' No, no,' she answered, 
softly, ' I will walk the long imth with you.' " 

The history of the Public Garden is shorter and less interesting than that of the 
Common. Before the improvement of this part of the city was begun, a large part 




THE PUBLIC GARDEN, FROM ARLINGTON STREET. 

of what is now the Public Garden was covered by the tides, and the rest was known 
as "the marsh at the foot of the Common." In 1794, the ropewalks having been 
burned, the town voted to grant these flats for the erection of new ropewalks . It 
was not until many years later that the folly of this act was seen, — indeed, not 
until after the construction of the Mill-dam, now the extension of Beacon Street, to 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



31 




THE POND, PUBLIC GARDEN. 



Brookline. When the tide had ceased to flow freely over the flats, and the marsh 
so rashly granted be- 
came dry land, the 
holders of this prop- 
erty, having once 
more lost their rope- 
walks by fire, in 1819, 
began to realize its 
value, and proposed 
to sell it for business 
and dwelling pur- 
poses. Charles Street 
had been laid out 
in 1803, and this 
increased the valne 
of building-lots on 
the tract, if it could 
be sold. The pro- 
posed action was, 
however, resisted, and 
finally, in 182i, the 
city paid upwards of 
fifty thousand dol- 
lais to regain what the town had in a fit of generosity given away. 

time after this very ,_ 

little was done to or- 
nament and improve 
the Public Garden 
The vexatious delay'^ 
in settling the terms 
on which the Back 
Bay was to be filled 
are hardly forgotten \j 
yet ; and not moie 
than half a dozen 
years ago some of the 
principal walks in the 
enclosure were still 
in the worst conceiv- 
able condition 
There waSjUntil 1859, 
when an act of the 
Legislature and a 
vote of the city set- 
tled the question 
finally, a small but ^^^ bridge, public garden. 



But for a long 




32 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



earnest party in favor of disposing of the entire tract for building purposes, — just as 
there is now a persistent class of persons who desire the improvement of several streets 
at the expense of the Common. All these unwise plans failed, and the Public Garden 
became the inalienable property of the city. In the last thirteen years very much 
has been done to make the Public Garden attractive, and although it has not the 
diversified surface and shaded walks of the older enclosure, it has already become a 
favorite resort for young and old. 

The area of this park is about twenty-one and a quarter acres. It is not exactly 
rectangular in shape, as it seems to be, the Boylston Street side being longer than 
the Beacon Street, and the Charles Street longer than the Arlington Street side. 
The pond in the centre is laboriously irregular in shape, and is wholly artificial. It 
contains rather less than four acres, and was constructed in 1859, almost imme- 
diately after the act of the Legislature relating to the Public Garden had been 
accepted. The central walk, from Charles to Arlington Streets, crosses this pond 
by an iron bridge resting on granite piers, erected in 1867. The appearance 
of unnecessary solidity and strength Avhich this bridge presents gave point to 
numerous jokes in the newspapers of the day. The bridge is certainly strong 
enougli to sui:>port an army on the march, and perhaps it looks much more substantial 
than it really is ; but aside from the rather ponderous appearance of the piers, there 
is very little opportunity for unfavorable criticism of the structure. 

There are several interesting works of art in the Public Garden. The one first 
placed there was a small but very beautiful statue of Venus rising from the Sea, which 

stands near the Arlington Street entrance, opj)o- 
site Commonwealth Avenue. The fountain con- 
nected with this statue is so arranged as to throw, 
when it is playing, a fine spray all about the fig- 
ure of Venus, producing a remarkably beautiful 
effect. Fiu'ther on towards Beacon Street stands 
the monument to the discovery and to the discov- 
erer, whoever he may be, of aneesthetics, presented 
by Thomas Lee, Esq., and dedicated in June, 1868. 
In the centre of the Beacon Street side stands the 
statue in bronze of the late Edward Everett. The 
funds for this statue were raised by a public sub- 
scription, in 1865. The remarkable success of this 
subscription has already been referred to. This 
statue was modelled in Rome by Story, in 1866, 
cast in Munich, and presented to the city in No- 
\ ember, 1867. The orator stands Avith his head 
thrown back, and with his right arm extended 
in the act of making a favorite and gi'aceful ges- 
ture. 

But the most conspicuous of all the works of art in the Public Garden is Ball's 
great equestrian statue of "Washington, which is justly regarded by many as one of 
the finest, as it is one of the largest, pieces of the kind in America. The movement 
which resulted in the erection of this monument was begun in the spring of 1859. 




THE EVERETT STATUE. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRylTED. 



33 



The earliest contribution to the fund was the proceeds of an oration delivered by the 
Hon. Robert C. Winthrop in the Music Hall less than a month after the committee 
was organized. A great fair held in the same place in November of the same year, 
and an appropriation of ten thousand dollars from the city, supplied the gi-eater 
part of the needful funds, supplemented in 1868 by a contribution of five thousand 
dollars of the surplus remaining after the erection of the statue of Everett just 
mentioned. The contract for the 
statue was made with Thomas 
Ball in December, 1859, and 
the model was completed in a 
little more than four years. 
The war was then waging, and 
the foundries were all engaged 
upon work for the government. 
It was not until 1867 that a 
contract was made for the cast- 
ing with the Ames Manufac- 
turing Company, of Chicopee. 
The statue was unveiled on the 
3d of July, 1869. It is a mat- 
ter of no little local pride that 
all the artists and artisans em- 
])loyed in its production were 
furnished by Massachusetts, 
without any help from abroad. 
The statue represents Wash- 
ington at a different period of 
his life from that usually se- 
lected by artists, and is all the 
more effective and original on 
that account. The outline is gi'aceful, and perfectly natural from every point of view, 
and the work reveals new beauties the more it is examined. It was cast in fourteen 
pieces, but the joints are invisible. The extreme height of the pedestal and statue 
is thirty-eight feet, the statue itself being twenty-two feet high. The foundation, 
which rests upon piles, is of solid masonry, eleven feet deep. The lamented Go\ - 
ernor Andrew was one of the original committee which undertook the direction of 
this work, but he died before its completion. 

Close by one of the busiest spots in Boston is one of those ancient landmarks 
which the good sense and the good taste of its citizens have thus far preserved. It 
has been remarked that the irregular piece of territory bounded by Beacon, Tremont, 
and Park Streets was originally a part of the Common. In 1660 it became neces- 
sary to appropriate new space to resting-places for the dead, and the thrifty habits 
of our forefathers would not suffer them to buy land for the purpose when they were 
already in possession of a great tract lying in common. Accordingly, in the year 
before mentioned, the graveyard now known as the Old Granary Burying-ground 
was established. Two years afterwards, other portions of the territory now lost to 

3 




THE WASHINGTUN STATUE. 



34 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



the Common were appropriated for sites for tlie bridewell, house of correction^ 
almshouse, and public granary. The last-named building, which stood at first near 
the head of Park Street, and afterwards on the present site of the meeting-house, 
gave to the burying-ground the name by which it is so commonly designated. This 
is, without exception, the most interesting of the old Boston graveyards. Within 
this little enclosure lie the remains of some of the most eminent men in the history 

of Massachusetts and 
'■^'*'' the country. The 

list includes no less 
than nine Governors 
of the Colony and 
State ; two of the 
signers of the Dec- 
laration of Indepen- 
dence ; Paul Kevere, 
the patriotic me- 
chanic ; Peter Fan- 
euil, the donor of 
the market - house 
and hall that bear 
his name ; Judge 
Samuel Sewall ; six 
famous doctors of 
divinity ; the first 
mayor of Boston ; 
and a great many 
others of whom ev- 
ery student of Amer- 
ican history has read. 
Upon the front of 

one of the tombs, on the side next to Park Street Church, is a small white marble 
slab with the inscription, "No. 16. Tomb of Hancock," which is all that marks 
the resting-place of the famous first signer of the Declaration of Independence, 
and the first Governor of Massachusetts under the Constitution. In another part 
of the yard is the grave of the great Revolutionary patriot and Governor of the 
Commonwealth, Samuel Adams. Near the Tremont House corner of the burying- 
gi'ound are the graves of the victims of the Boston Massacre of 1770. The most 
conspicuous monument is that erected in 1827 over the grave where repose the 
parents of Benjamin Franklin ; it contains the epitaph composed by the gi'eat 
man, who, *' in filial regard to their memory, placed this stone." Even the briefest 
reference to the notable persons who lie buried here would extend this sketch unduly. 
The row of once stately and beautiful, but now mutilated, elms, outside this 
burying-ground, has also a history. They were imported from England, and after 
having been for a time in a nursery at Milton, were set out here by Captain 
Adino Paddock, from whom the mall now takes its name, in or about 1762. Pad- 
dock was a loyalist, and a leader of the party in Boston. He left town with the 




ENTRANCE TO THE GRANARY BURYING-GROUND. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



35 



British troops in 1776, removed to Halifax, and thence went to England ; but upon 
receiving a government appointment in the Island of Jersey, he removed thither, and 
lived there until his death, in 1807. He was a carriage -builder, and his shop stood 
opposite the row of trees which he planted and cared for. The elms were carefully 
protected during the occupation of the town by the British. Until within a few years 
their right to cast a grateful shade upon the throng of pedestrians constantly passing 
and repassing on Tremont Street has been respected. But three of them have already 
been sacrificed to false ideas of utility, and on two occasions only the strongest re- 
monstrances of the press and of private citizens have been able to preserve them from 
the "march of improvement." Some large limbs have been broken off by high 
winds, others have been amputated in the most uncalled-for manner ; so that in 
winter the trees are anything but an ornament, though in summer the graceful and 
abundant foliage conceals the mutilation to which they have been subjected. 

The large open spaces in this part of the city have made it a desirable section for 
residences. It is but lately that business has driven almost all the inhabitants of 
houses on the easterly side of Tremont Street to remove elsewhere in Boston. The 
other streets that bound the public grounds h^^e not been invaded. Boylston, 
Arlington, Park, and Beacon Streets are 
still among the favorite streets in the 
city for dwelling-houses. The last-named 
street is, perhaps, the greatest favorite of 
all, especially upon the hill opposite tlio 
Common, and upon the water side below 
Charles Street. Near the top of the hill, 
on this street, stood, until a few j'ears 
ago, the Hancock mansion, one of the 
most famous of the old buildings of Bos- 
ton that have been compelled to make 
way for modern improvements. This 
house was in itself and in its surround- 
ings one of the most elegant mansions in 
the city, though the style of architecture 
had wholly gone out of fashion long be- 
fore it was taken down. It was built 
by Thomas Hancock in 1737, and was inherited by Governor John Hancock. 
Both uncle and nephew were exceedingly hospitable, and were accustomed to en- 
tertain the Governor and Council and other distinguished guests annually on "Ar- 
tillery Election Day" ; and it is said that every Governor of Massachusetts under the 
Constitution, until the demolition, was entertained once at least within this mansion. 
The house was taken down in 1863, and on the site now stand two of the finest free- 
stone-front houses in the city. 

Not far away, on the corner of Beacon and Park Streets, is the spacious mansion of 
the late George Ticknor. This house was erected many years ago, and was at first 
designed to be very much larger than it was subsequently when occupied. The 
original owner erected the corner house and the two adjoining dwelling-houses on 
Beacon Street as a single residence, but the plan was afterwards changed, and what 




THE OLD HANCOCK HOUSE. 



36 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



was originally intended for one dwelling-house became three, all of ample size. Mr. 

Ticknor bought the corner house of the late Harrison Gray Otis, and began to reside 

there about the year 1830 ; and it was his Boston home until his death in 1870. 
On the slope of the hill, nearly opposite the foot of the Common, stands the 

dwelling-house occupied by Mr. Ticknor's friend, the historian Prescott, during 

the last fourteen 
years of his life. 
It is unpreten- 
tious in archi- 
tecture, but it 
was fitted \vi\h.- 
in in a style of 
great elegance, 
and was ar- 
ranged specially 
with reference 
to Mr. Pres- 
cott's infirmity 
of blindness. 




MK. PKESCOVT S RESinHNCE, BEACON STREET. 



In it the great- 



er part of the 
work upon his 
famou s histo- 
ries of the vari- 
ous Spanish 
conquests was 
done. To this 
house he re- 
moved, in 1845, 
from his former home in Bedford Street, and in it he died in 1859. 

Our space does not admit of a full account of the filling in of the Back Bay lands, 
— that great improvement by which hundreds of acres have been added to the 
territorial extent of Boston and millions of dollars put into the State treasury. 
A few facts and dates only can be given. Private enterprise had already suggested 
this great improvement when the State first asserted its right to a part of the flats 
in 1852. The owners of land fronting on the water had claimed and exercised 
the right to fill in to low-water mark. In this Avay the Neck, south of Dover 
Street, had been A^ery greatly widened. Commissioners were appointed in 1852 to 
adjust and decide all questions relating to the rights of claimants of flats, and to 
devise a plan of improvement. Progress was necessarily slow where so many inter- 
ests were involved, but at last all disputes were settled, and the filling was begun in 
good earnest. No appropriation has ever been made for work to be done on the 
Commonwealth's flats ; the bills have been more than paid from the very start by 
the sales of land. By the last report of the commissioners it appears that, up to 
the first of January of the present year (1872), the proceeds of sales have reached 
the sum of $3,591,514.82, and the total expenses liave been $1,547,220.40, leaving 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



37 



more than two million dollars net profit to the Commonwealth. About half a mil- 
lion feet of land still remain unsold, and it is expected that a million and a half of 
dollars clear profit will be realized from it. This is altogether independent of the 
land filled by the Boston Water Power Company, and by other corporations and 
individual owners. It was originally intended that there should be in the district 




COMMONWE \LTH WENL F 



lillctl by the State a sheet of water, to be called Silver Lake, but the idea was sub- 
sequently abandoned. A very wide avenue was, however, laid out through it, to be 
in the nature of a park, and the plan is in process of being carried out. When 
completed. Commonwealth Avenue will be a mile and a half in length, with a width 
of two hundred and forty feet between the houses on each side. Through the centre 
runs a long park in which rows of trees have been planted, and these will, in time, 
make this avenue one of the most beautiful parks in the country. There are wide 
driveways on either side ; and the terms of sale compel the maintenance of an open 
space between each house and the ample sidewalks. In the centre of the park, near 
Arlington Street, stands the granite statue of Alexander Hamilton, presented to 
the city in 1865 by Thomas Lee, Esq., who subsequently erected, at his own ex- 
pense, the "Ether Monument" in the Public Garden, before mentioned. Beacon 
Street has been extended to the Brookline boundary, and a very large part of the 
land filled and sold by the Commonwealth, between Beacon and Boylston Streets, 
has fceen built upon. The nomenclature of the streets in this territory is ingenious, 
and far preferable to the lettering and numbering adopted in other cities. To the 
north of Commonwealth Avenue is Marlborough Street, and to the south Newbury 
Street, which names were formerly applied to parts of Washington Street, before it 
was consolidated. The streets running north and south are named alphabetically, 
alternating three syllables and two, — Arlington, Berkeley, Clarendon, Dartmouth, 
and so on. 

• Within the limits of the West End district are many of the finest churches in 
the city proper, and the movement of the religious societies westward and south- 
ward is exhibiting no signs of cessation. Some of the oldest societies in town 



38 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



are preparing to emigrate to the new lands of the Back Bay, as, for instance, the 
Old South and the Brattle Street Churches. Only a few of the churches in this 
part of the city, some of them very elegant and costly, can be mentioned here. 
•"The First Church in Boston," Unitarian, claims the first attention, though the 

tuilding is one of the most 
recent. Allusion has been 
made already to the first and 
second houses of this society, 
in State and Washington 
Streets. The site of Joy's 
Building, near State Street, 
was used by the Society from 
1639 until 1807, when it re- 
moved to Chauncy Street, and 
thence in December, 1868, to 
the new edifice on the corner 
of Marlborough and Berkeley 
Streets. This clmrch was 
Irailt at a cost of two hun- 
dred and seventy-five thou- 
sand dollars, and is one of the 
most beautiful specimens of 
architecture in Boston. Es- 
pecially fine are the cai'riage- 
porch and the vestibule on 
the Berkeley Street front. 
The windows are all of colored 
glass, and were executed in 
England. The organ, which is one of the best in the city, was manufactured in 
Germany by the builders of the Music Hall organ. In every part of the building, 
within and without, are evidences of excellent taste and judgment, such as can 
seldom be seen in the churches of this country. The church can seat nearly one 
thousand persons. 

On the corner of Boylston and Arlington Streets stands the first church erected 
on the Back Bay lands of the Commonwealth. This society, like that of the First 
Church, is attached to the Unitarian denomination. It is, however, the successor 
of the first Presbyterian church gathered in Boston. It was established in 1727, 
and its first place of worship was a barn, somewhat transformed to adapt it to its 
new use, at the corner of Berry Street and Long Lane, now Channing and Federal 
Streets. The second house, on the same site, was erected in 1744, and within it met 
the Convention that ratified the Constitution of the United States on the part of 
Massachusetts, in 1788. It was from this circumstance that Federal Street received 
its name. In 1786 the Church had become small in numbers, and by a formal vote 
it renounced the Presbyterian form and adopted the Congregational system. Having 
occupied for fifty years the third house on the original site, erected in 1809, the 
society was compelled, by the invasion of business and the removals of its people. 




FIRST CHURCH, BERKELEY STREET. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



39 



Rev. 
ning, 



to build the house, in which it now worships. During the nearly one hundred and 
fifty years since the foundation of this society, it has had but six pastors, though there 
was one interval of ten years when it had no regular pastor. The most noted of this 

brief list was the . 

Dr. Chan- 
who was 
pastor from 1803 
until his death in 
1842. The Rev. 
Ezra S. Gannett 
was ordained 
and installed as 
colleague pastor 
in 1824, and re- 
mained col- 
league and sole 
pastor until his 
melan ch oly 
death in August, 
1871, in the ter- 
rible accident at 
Revere, The va- 
cancy has not 
yet been filled. 
The church on 
Arlington Street 
is built of free- 
stone, and is a 
fine structure, 

though less ornate in its architecture than many others. Its tower contains an ex- 
cellent chime of bells. 

The early settlers of New England were not quite so tolerant towards other creeds 
than their own as they wished others to be to theirs. This is illustrated by their 
treatment of the Baptists. The doctrine of that denomination was pronounced 
''abominable," and those who held it were subject to annoyances without number. In 
1665 a church was formed in Charlestown in conformity with the permission of the 
King's commissioners to all people to worship God as they chose. But as soon as the 
representatives of the crown were gone the court summoned the members to answer 
for not attending church. When they pleaded in defence their own ''meeting," the 
court regarded it as an additional aggravation, and fined all the culprits. They re- 
fused to pay and were sent to jail, where they remained three years. When at last 
they petitioned to be released, the former judgment was confirmed, and they were sent 
back to prison. The persecution continued, and generally with considerable activity, 
until 1680. Two years before that time the Baptists erected their first meeting-house, 
and having a well-grounded fear that if their purpose was discovered it would be 
thwarted, they did not allow it to be known until the building was completed for what 




ARLINGTON STREET CHURCH. 



40 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



object it was intended. Even after it had been occupied the society found the door 
nailed up one Sunday morning by the marshal, by the order of the court. However, 

to-day the Baptist denomination may 
truly claim to be occupying a build- 
ing whose spire reaches further to- 
wards heaven than that of any other 
church in the city. There have been 
fourteen pastors of this church in a 
little more than two hundred years. 
The pastorate of the Rev. Dr. Neale, 
who is yet oflS elating, has extended 
over a period of thirty-five years, and 
is the longest but one on the list. 
The building on Somerset Street was 
erected in 1858. It is of brick cov- 
ered with mastic ; the spire is two 
hundred feet high, and the church it- 
self stands on higher ground than any 
other in Boston. 

Between the Common and the Gran- 
ary Burying-ground stands one of the 
leading churches of the Trinitarian 
Congi^egational denomination. The 
congregation of Park Street Church 
was gathered in 1809. It took at once, 
and has ever since maintained, a prom- 
inent position among the churches of 
the city. Its pastors have been able 
and popular preachers, and few church- 
es in Boston or elsewhere are so uni- 
formly crowded with eager and atten- 
tive listeners. The present pastor, the Rev. "W. H. H. Murray, who was installed 
in 1868, is widely known, not only as a brilliant preacher, but as the author of several 
volumes of sermons and an excellent, though enthusiastic, hand-book on the Adiron- 
dack Mountains, and as a popular lecturer. Under his ministrations the point of the 
old designation of Park Street Church — Brimstone Corner — has been wholly lost. 

The history of the society known as the Central Church is brief. The congregation 
was gathered in 1835 to worship in the Odeon, under the name of the Franklin 
Church. In May, 1841, the corner-stone of a new church was laid on Winter Street, 
and the edifice having been completed, was dedicated on the last day of the same 
year, the society having a week previously assumed its present name. The transfor- 
mation of Winter Street into a great centre of retail trade compelled the abandon- 
ment of the church on this site, and in the fall of 1867 the present elegant house, 
which had been several years in building, was dedicated. It is built of Roxbury 
stone with sandstone trimmings, and cost, including the land, upwards of three hun- 
dred and twenty-five thousand dollars. A heavy debt, which for some time oppressod 




SOMERSET STREET, WITH CHURCH. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



41 



the society in con- 
sequence of this 
enonnous expendi- 
ture, has, within a 
year or two, been 
paid in full. The 
great gale of Septem- 
ber, 1869, blew over 
one of the pinnacles 
of the spire, which 
is the tallest in the 
city, upon the main 
building, and caused 
serious damage, 
which reqiiired sev- 
eral months to re- 
pair. The interior 
of this church, not- 
withstanding an ex- 
cess of color, is re- 
markably beautiful. 
The Public Libra- 
ry of Boston is one 
of the most beneficent insti- 
tutions that has been con- 
ceived by its public-spirited 
and liberal citizens. The im- 
mense library, which has been 
collected in the short space 
of twenty years, is valuable 
not only from the variety, ex- 
cellence, and nvmiber of vol- 
umes it contains, but from 
its accessibility. It is abso- 
lutely open to all, and no 
assessment, direct or indirect, 
is levied upon those who 
make use of its privileges. 
It is conducted, too, on the 
most liberal principles. If a 
purchasable book not in the 
library is asked for, it is or- 
dered at once ; and the in- 
quirer for it is notified when 
it is received. Although the 
idea of a free public library 
had been entertained much 
earlier, it Avas not until 1852 




fark: street church. 




CENTRAL CHURCH, BERKELEY STREET. 



42 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



that this institution was actually established. Very soon after the "board of trustees 
was organized, Joshua Bates, Esq., a native of Massachusetts, but at that time a mer- 
chant of London, gave to the city the sum of fifty thousand dollars, the income of 
which he desired should be expended in the purchase of books. The upper hall of the 
library building has been named Bates Hall in compliment to him. Generous dona- 
tions and bequests by many wealthy and large-hearted men and women have swelled 

the permanent fund 
of the Public Library 
to one hundred thou- 
sand dollars. The 
city, too, makes lib- 
eral annual appropri- 
ations both for the 
purchase of books and 
periodicals, and for 
the payment of sala- 
ries and other expen- 
ses. The total paj^- 
ments from the city 
treasury on account 
of this institution and 
its East Boston 
branch, during the 
year ending April 30, 
1872, amounted to 
$74,925. The num- 
ber of books added 
during the last year, 
was 13,708, and of 
pamphlets, 10,637, 

making a total at the date of the last Eeport of 192,958 books, and 100,383 pamphlets. 
The circulation during the previous year amounted to 380,343 separate issues. The 
Boston Public Library is thus the first in the country in the number of issues, al- 
though it is exceeded in the number of volumes by the Library of Congress. The 
library, which has been in its present quarters only a little more than fifteen years, 
has nearly outgrown the capacity of the building, and various devices have to be re- 
sorted to in order to accommodate the large numbers of new volumes added annually. 
In 1871 the library of Spanish and Portuguese books and manuscripts belonging to 
the late George Ticknor, Esq., were added to the library in accordance with his will. 
This alone added more than 4,000 volumes and manuscripts to the library, and to 
provide for future accessions it was determined to remodel the interior to some extent. 
This work has been performed during the past year, and, when wholly completed, the 
capacity of Bates Hall, which was before only 200,000, will be increased to 350,000. 
The expense of these alterations has been about $56,000. Alterations are also 
contemplated to increase the capacity of the Lower Hall (popular department) of 
the Central Library. On the 1st of TVlay a new branch was opened in South Boston, 




BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



43 



and a "building is now going up in Roxbury, in which a large branch for that section 
of the city will be opened in the coming winter. 

The building of the Boston Athenseum, situated on Beacon Street, not far from 
the head of Park Street, is an elegant structure, built of freestone, in the later 
Italian style of architecture. The corner-stone was laid in April, 1847, and the 
building, which cost nearly $200,000, was occupied in 1849. Within it is a library, 
now containing 
nearly 100,000 
volumes; a 
reading-room 
and an art gal- 
lery. The sci- 
entific library 
of the Ameri- 
cJln Academy 
of Arts and Sci- 
ences, of which 
Benjamin 
Franklin was 
once a member, 
is also kept in 
the eastern 
room of the 
lower floor. 
The Athenaeum 
had its origin 
in a magazine 
called the 
"Monthly An- 
thology," 
which was first 

published in 1803. Soon after, an association of men zealous for literature was 
organized, and took the name of the Anthology Club. A public library and read- 
ing-room established by this club was the nucleus of the Boston Athenoeum, 
which was incorporated by the Legislature under that name in 1807. The first 
library room was in Congress Street, but the q^uarters having become too contracted, 
Mr. James Perkins, in 1821, conveyed to the Athenjeum his own mansion in Pearl 
Street, — an exceedingly valuable gift, — and the society, having removed thither, 
remained there until the completion of the new building in Beacon Street. The 
Athenaium is not a public institution. The right to use the library is confined to the 
holders (and their families) of about one thousand shares, of whom only about six 
hundred pay the annual assessment that entitles them to take books from the library. 
The management is, however, very liberal towards strangers, and the attendants are 
unremitting in their attentions to visitors. There is an absence of "red tape" in 
the general direction of the library that not only makes it one of the most delightful 
literary homes to be found anywhere, but proves that nothing is lost by trusting to 




BOSTON ATHENAEUM. 



44 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



the good taste and sense of propriety of those who resort thither. The gallery of 
art contains a fine collection of paintings, many of them by famous artists, to which 
the general public is admitted on the payment of a small fee. It is expected that 
this collection will be transfen-ed to the projected museum of art, when it has been 
more fully organized, and thereafter the whole building will be given up to the 
library and reading-room. The funds of the Athenaeum, of which the income is 
applicable to the uses of the institution, now amount to more than a quarter of a 
million dollars, beside the real estate and the library, paintings, and statuary, which 
are valued at upwards of $400,000, Last year there were added to the library 
upwards of 3,000 volumes at a cost of nearly $7,500, in which, however, was 
included the expense of periodicals subscribed for, binding, etc. 

On the lot bounded by Berkeley, Newbury, Clarendon, and Boylston Streets stand 
two more of the semi-public institutions of Boston, and both connected with the 

practical educa- 
tion of the peo- 
ple. Nearest to 
Berkeley Street 
on the right of 
our view is the 
building of the 
Boston Society 
of Natural His- 
tory, incorporat- 
ed in 1831. The 
early days of the 
society formed 
a period of con- 
stant struggle 
for existence, 
from lack of the 
necessary funds. 
But the munifi- 

SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY AND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. CCnCC of SCVCral 

citizens, — one of whom, Dr. William J. Walker, gave, during his life and in his will, 
sums amounting in the aggregate to nearly two hundred thousand dollars, — and the 
grant of the land on which the building stands, by the State, in 1861, have raised 
it from its poverty, and given it a position of great usefulness and a reasonable degree 
of prosperity. The cabinet of this society, which is exceedingly rich in very many 
branches of natural history, is open to the public for several hours on every Wed- 
nesday and Saturday, and this opportunity is made use of by great numbers of citi- 
zens and strangers. There is also a fine library connected with the institution, and 
during the season interesting courses of lectures are delivered. 

The Institute of Technology was founded in 1861 for the purpose of giving in- 
struction in applied science and the industrial arts. The published plan of the 
institution declares it to be "devoted to the practical arts and sciences," with a 
triple organization as a society of arts, a museum or conservatory of arts, and a 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



45 



school of industrial science and art. The land for the purpose was given by the 
State, and the Institute receives one third of the grant made by Congress to the 
State for the purpose of establishing a college of agriculture and the mechanic arts. 
The museum already collected includes photographs, prints, drawings, and casts, to 
illustrate architecture ; models of various kinds to give practical instruction in 
geometry, mechanics, and building; machinery of many patterns to illustrate 
mechanical movements ; models of mining machinery, and a great variety of other 
useful articles. The school provides six courses of study, in mechanical engineer- 
ing, in civil and topographical engineering, in chemistry, in geology and mining 
engineering, in building and architecture, and in science and literature. By the 
last published catalogue, there were 264 students from thirteen States of the Union 
and five foreign countries. Degi'ees and diplomas are conferred on the graduates, 
according to the course or courses of study pursued. The institution is doing a 
work of great usefulness. The building is an elegant structure of pressed brick 
with freestone trimmings. It is one hundred and fifty feet long, one hundred feet 
wide, and eighty-five feet high. The basement floor is devoted to chemistry and its 
applications ; the first floor contains the officers' rooms, several lecture-rooms, labora- 
tories and museums ; in the second story are five lecture-rooms and a great hall, 
ninety-five by sixty-five feet ; and above are other lecture-rooms, museums, studies 
for the professors, 
and another large 
hall. It is intend- 
ed to erect another 
building for the mu- 
seum of the Institute. 
The Union Club 
of Boston was found- 
ed in the year 1863, 
for "the encourage- 
ment and dissemina- 
tion of patriotic sen- 
timent and opinion," 
and the condition 
of membership was 
"unqualified loyalty 
to the Constitution 
and the Union of the 
United States, and 
unwavering support 
of the Federal Gov- 
ernment in eflbrts 
for the suppression 
of the Rebellion." Its view of park street. 

organization is continued to promote social intercourse, and to aff'ord the conven- 
iences of a club-house. A spacious private mansion, formerly the residence of the 
late Abbott Lawrence, on Park Street, was remodelled internally to fit it for the 




46 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



latter use. The memlDership, which is limited to six hundred, includes many of the 
best and wealthiest citizens of Boston, It has at present no political character, how- 
ever, and the condition of membership quoted above has been removed. Our sketch 
gives a view of Park Street, with the residence of the late George Ticknor and the 
Union Club House in the foregi-ound. 

The Somerset Club was organized in the year 1852, having grown out of another 
organization known as the Tremont Club, and is now^ as it has always been since it 

^_ took its present name, 

a club for purely social 
purposes. The member- 
ship has heretofore been 
limited to two hundred 
and fifty, but has latel)' 
been increased to four 
hundred and iifty, and 
will soon reach the lim- 
it, recently fixed, of six 
hundred. The Somerset 
Club occupied until the 
present season the ele- 
gant mansion at the cor- 
ner of Somerset and Bea- 
con Streets ; but a year 
or two ago it purchased 
the magnificent gi-anite 
front mansion on Beacon 
Street, represented in the 
accompanying sketch. 
This house was built by 
the late David Sears, 
Esq., for a private resi- 
dence. The club found 
it necessary to make lit- 
BEAcoN STREET. — THE SOMERSET CLUB. tie altcratiou lu thc ar- 

rangement of the rooms, but it has thoroughly refitted and furnished them, and 
;ul(led other buildings. 

The Charles River basin, enclosed between Beacon and Charles Streets and the 
bridge to Cambridge, has long been a favorite course for boat-racing. Uponit are 
held the regattas provided by the city for the entertainment of the people on the 
Fourth of July, and private regattas at other times. At the head of the course is 
situated the Union Boat-Club House, an attractive structure, in the Swiss style of 
architecture, having a water frontage of eighty-two feet and commanding a fine ^dew 
of the river. The gymnasium, club committee, dressing and bathing rooms, are 
especially adapted to comfort and convenience, and superior boating accommodations 
are provided for the members. The club was organized May 26, 1851, and, with per- 
haps one exception, is the oldest boating organization in the country. The present 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



47 



building was completed July 3, 1870. The Union had the honor of introducing on 
the Charles the style of rowing without a coxswain, and in September, 1853, rowed 
a race at Hull in which, for the first time in the United States, the boat was steered 
over the course by the bow oar. They were also instrumental in getting up the first 
wherry race on the river, July 4, 1854, won by the then coxswain of the club. In 
1857, the Unions were at the height of their glory, and in June of that year won from 
the ^' Harvards " the celebrated Beacon cup, the most beautiful prize ever offered in 
Massachusetts for such a race. Champion cups, colors, oars, and medals, are among 
the trophies 
of the mem- 
bers, won 
principally 
previous to 
the Eebel- 
lion,to which 
date the su- 
premacy of 
the Charles 
was held by 
the Union. 
Since the 
construction 
of the new 
house the 
club has rap- 
idly gained 
in numbers, 
and now has 
one hundred 
and thirty 
active mem- 
bers. 

The Boston 
and Provi- 
dence Rail- 
road has for 

many years occupied for station purposes the building which is represented by our 
sketch. It has answered reasonably well the necessities of the road, but it had 
already begun to be too small to accommodate the growing business, when the com- 
pany was compelled by other circumstances to take action looking to the erection of 
a new station. The fine thoroughfare known as Columbus Avenue was projected to 
run directly over the land occupied by this station and to terminate in Park Square. 
It was impossible to continue the street northerly beyond Berkeley Street until it was 
settled that it was to be opened through. The negotiations between the railroad 
company and the city were protracted, but they came at last to a happy issue, and 
it was decided in the latter part of 1871 that the present station should be removed, 




UNION BOAT-CLUB, CHARLES RIVER. 



48 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



and Columbus Avenue extended through to the square. The city paid the large 
sum of $436,000 for the property necessary to carry out this project. The new sta- 
tion, which is already erecting, is to occupy land to the north-west of the present 
site. It will be about eight hundred feet in length. The head-house will be in the 
Gothic style of architecture, of brick, trimmed with two shades of sandstone. The 
track-house will have a span of one hundred and twenty-five feet, and will be seven 

hundred feet 
in length. It 
will cover five 
tracks. The de- 
sign of this new 
station is ad- 
mirable, and 
when complet- 
ed, at an esti- 
mated cost of 
.$600,000, it 
will be in every 
way suited to 
meet the great 
and growing 
demands upon 
the company. 
Among the 
"conveniences" 

PROVIDENCE RAILROAD STATION. lu tllis StatioU 

will be flower, cigar, theatre-ticket, and periodical stands, waiting and dressing rooms 
of ample size, a refreshment-room, a barber's-shoj), and a billiard-room. As soon as 
the track-house has been completed the present station building will be abandoned. 
The Providence Railroad has an excellent local business, serving a great number of 
the towns in Norfolk and Bristol Counties by its main line and branches ; and it 
also forms part of the popular Shore Line to New York. Alone of all the Boston 
railroads it did not increase either local or through charges during or after the war, 
and though this policy involved a temporary loss it has more than justified the far- 
sighted wisdom that dictated it. 

In the immediate vicinity of the Providence station is the tract known as the 
Church Street district, where one of the most beneficial enterprises the city has ever 
undertaken has been carried out within a few years. The district was low, marshy, 
and unhealthy, but it was covered with permanent buildings. The city undertook 
to raise the whole district, and this it did at an expense of about a million dollars. 
In the course of this operation nearly three hundred brick buildings were raised, 
some of them fourteen feet, and the whole territory was filled in to a uniform height. 
A similar process has been going on for some time in the "Suff'olk Street district," 
and is now nearly completed. 

On the corner of Beacon and Tremont Streets stands the Tremont House, a hotel 
that has for a long time enjoyed a deserved reputation for the excellence of its ac- 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



49 



commodations and its cuisine. This house received President Johnson as a guest 
when he visited Boston on the occasion of the dedication of the Masonic Temple in 
June, 1867. Its front 
is imposing, though 
plain and devoid of 
ornamentation. Most 
of the leading hotels 
of Boston are in close 
proximity to the centre 
of business, and this is 
especially true of the 
Tremont. Like them, 
it has lately been un- 
dergoing extensive im- 
provements, of which 
the most notable is 
the reconstruction of 
a part of the basement 
into a beautiful and 
finely furnished cafe. 
The Tremont House was 
originally built by a 
company of gentlemen, 
but it was, in 1859, 
purchased for the Sears 
estate, of which it now 
forms a part, 
management. 




TREMONT HOUSE. 

The Tremont and Revere Houses are both under the same efficient 



^^^^Mk 




50 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 51 




IV. THE CENTEAL DISTEICT. 

^E come now to a district smaller than either of those that have been de- 
scribed, but one that is much more compact and more crowded. It has 
already been remarked that the physical characteristics of Boston deter- 
mined the limits within which mercantile business could have free and 
natural expansion. The singular and unexplained movements of business, which, 
nevertheless, have their almost invariable rules, have given the North End up for the 
most part to retail establishments. In the immediate neighborhood of the wharves 
some branches of wholesale trade still flourish ; and in the neighborhood of Faneuil 
Hall there are large establishments for the supply of household stores and furnishing 
goods of various descriptions ; and there are very few districts in the city which have 
not retail supj)ly stores of all kinds in their immediate neighborhood. But in general 
it may be said that the district bounded by State, Court, Tremont, Boylstou, and Es- 
sex Streets is the business section of the city. State Street is the head-quarters of 
bankers and brokers, — the money centre of the city. Pearl Street is the gi-eatest 
boot and shoe market in the world ; and it is curious that, with the exception of a 
restaurant for boot and shoe dealers, a newspaper devoted to the boot and shoe trade, 
and other establishments as intimately connected with the business, there are no 
buildings on the street not occupied by merchants in this special line of trade. On 
Franklin, Chauncy, Summer, and other streets in the neighborhood, are the great 
establishments that make Boston the leading market of the country for American dry- 
goods. Boston also stands first among American cities in its receipts and sales of 
Avool, and the dealers in this staple are clustered within the district we have circum- 
scribed. The wholesale merchants in iron, in groceries, in clothing, in paper, in fancy 
goods and stationery, in books and pictures, in music and musical instruments, in 
jewelry, in tea, coffee, spices, tobacco, wines and liquors, — in fact, in all the 
articles that are necessities or luxuries of our modern civilized life, — have their 
places of business within it. The retail trade, too, is domiciled here, convenient of 
access to dwellers in the city and shoppers from the suburbs. The army of lawyers 
is within the district, or just upon its borders. The great transportation companies 
have their offices here, supplemented by the express companies that perform the same 
business upon a more limited, and yet, in another sense, upon a more extended scale. 
Most of the daily papers are congregated in the immediate vicinity of their advertising 
patrons. And finally, the people come to this part of the city not only to obtain the 
every-day articles of use, but to listen to lectures, to applaud at musical concerts, to 
weep and smile over dramatic representations. By day and by night it is thronged, 
not by the inhabitants of the district, for very few residents have been able to with- 
stand the onset of business, but by the dwellers in other cities and towns and in 
other parts of Boston. 

Much that is interesting in Boston's history has occurred in this part of the city, 
but very few of the buildings that are reminders of events long past remain. Even 



62 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




VIEW OF FRANKLIN STREET. 

Fort Hill, one of the historical three, has been wholly removed, and the broad plain 
where it once stood is now available for building purposes. The earth thus removed 
was used in carrying forward two other great improvements, — the one to enlarge 
the facilities for rapid and economical transaction of business ; the other to convert a 
low, swampy, and unhealthy neighborhood into a dry and well-drained district, — 
the grading of the marginal Atlantic Avenue and the raising of the Suffolk Street 
district. Some of the old landmarks yet remain, and, it is to be hoped, will long 
be permitted to remain as links between the present and the past. 

Although this is pre-eminently the business section of the city, it contains several 
public and semi-public buildings which perhaps deserve the first attention. And the 
list should properly be headed by the magnificent City Hall, which is one of the 
most imposing and perfect specimens of architecture in the city. It has been said 
already that Faneuil Hall was occupied for town purposes from the time of its erec- 
tion until after the constitution of the city government. It was in 1830 that the city 
offices were removed to the Old State House, which had been remodelled for the pur- 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



53 



pose. But only a few years elapsed before it became absolutely necessary to remove 
thence . Successive city governments having refused to sanction the erection of a 
suitable City Hall, as recommended by nearly every mayor, the old Court House, 
which stood on a part of the site of the present City Hall, was converted into a 
city building in 1840, and all the offices of the city were removed thither. This 
was, however, but a temporary expedient, and the old difficulties began to arise 
again, with increased vexation to the crowded officers and the unfortunate public. 
In 1850 the ques- 
tion of making 
additions to the 
old City Hall or 
of erecting a new 
one reappeared in 
the city council ; 
and the records 
show that from 
that time hardly a 
year passed with- 
out a recommen- 
dation of decided 
action by the may- 
or, and an abortive 
attempt in the city 
council to pass an 
order for carrying 
that recommenda- 
tion into effect, 
until a beginning 
was finally made 
by the passage of 
the necessary or- 
ders in 1862. The 
sum originally 

asked for and appropriated was $160,000. The committee which reported the plan 
expressed the belief " that the building as proposed can be erected of suitable mate- 
rials," for this sum, "if contracted for during the present year." The value of 
estimates is shown by the fact, that the building actually cost, before it was occu- 
pied, more than half a million dollars, of which less than seventy-five thousand dol- 
lars were paid for work not included in the original estimate. However, the people 
of Boston long ago ceased to complain of the unexpectedly large addition to what 
they had been at first asked to invest in a city building. 

The corner-stone was laid on the 22d of December, 1862, — the anniversaiy of the 
landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. The building was completed and dedicated on 
the 18th of September, 1865. The tablet in the Wall back of the first landing per- 
petuates in beautifully worked marble the statement that the dedication took place 
on the 17th of September. That day would have been highly appropriate for the 




CITY HALL. 



54 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



ceremony, being the two hundred and thirty-fifth anniversary of the settlement of 
Boston, had it not fallen on Sunday. The ceremony was accordingly postponed 
until the following day. 

The style in which this building has been erected is the Italian Kenaissance, with 
modifications and elaborations suggested by modern French architects. The mate- 
rial of the exterior is the finest Concord granite. The interior is equally as pBr- 
fect in its arrangement as is the exterior in its beauty and richness. The Louvre 
dome, Avhich is surmounted by an American eagle and a flagstaff, is occupied within 
by some of the most important offices of the city. Here is the central point of the fire- 
alarm telegi'aphs. An alai-m from the most distant part of the city is communicated 
instantaneously to the watchful operator, who is on duty day and night ; and almost 
before the nervous hand of him who gave the alarm has done its work, the bells in 
all parts of the city are tolling out the number of the district in which a fire has 

been discovered, 
and the engines 
summoned to ex- 
tinguish it are pro- 
ceeding at full 
speed toward it. 
All the officers of^ 
the city have com- 
modious and com- 
fortable quarters 
within the build- 
ing ; and although 
the city council 
had an eye from 
the first to the pos- 
sibility that the 
building would by 
and by need to be 
enlarged to accom- 
modate the city 
government when 
Boston should have 




CUSTOM-HOUSE. 



grown 

tance 

and 



in impor- 
and wealth 
population, 



there has been as yet little inconvenience or crowding, even since the absorption 
of Roxbury and Dorchester. 

In the lawn in front of the City Hall stands the bronze statue of Benjamin 
Franklin, which was formally inaugurated, with much pomp and ceremony, on the 
17th of September, 1856. It originated in a suggestion made by the Hon. Robert 
C. Winthrop, in an address before the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Asso- 
ciation in 1852. The association took up the matter with enthusiasm, and was 
joined by a large number of citizens.'' A public subscription to tlie amount of nearly 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 55 

120,000 furnished the means. The artist was Mr. K. S. Greenough, who was born 
almost within sight of the Boston State House, and all the work from beginning to 
end was done in the State. The statue is eight feet in height, and stands upon a 
pedestal of verd antique marble, resting on a base of Quincy granite. In the die 
are four sunken panels, in which are placed bronze medallions, each representing an 
important event in the life of the great Bostonian to whose memory the statue was 
raised. 

The Custom House, on State Street, was begun in 1837, two years after it had 
been authorized by Congress, and was twelve years in building. It is in the form of 
a Greek cross, and the exterior is in the pure Doric style of architecture. The 
walls, columns, and even the entire roof, are of granite. The massive columns, 
which entirely surround the building, are thirty-two in number. Each of them is 
five feet two inches in diameter and thirty-two feet high, and weighs about forty-two 
tons. The building rests upon about three thousand piles. It is supposed to be 
entirely fireproof, and it is so undoubtedly from without. It cost upwards of a 
million dollars, including the site and the foundations. President Jackson signed 
the resolution authorizing its erection ; but President Polk's term had been nearly 
completed when the new Custom House was first opened. It has already become 
somewhat dingy within, and is attractive only after the spring and fall cleaning and 
whitewashing. 

On the 16th of October, 1871, was laid the comer-stone of what will be, when 
completed, the finest public building in New England. Our sketch shows what 
the new Post-Ofiice is designed to be. It has a front of over two hundred feet on 
Devonshire Street, occupying the whole square between Milk and Water Streets. 
The following description of the architect's design was printed in the newspapers, on 
the occasion of the laying of the corner-stone : "A noble basement or street story of 
twenty-eight feet in height, formed by a composition of pilasters and columns resting 
on heavy plinths or pedestals of the sidewalk level, and crowned with an entablature, 
carries two stories above it, both of which are enriched by ornate windows, and dress- 
ings admirably in keeping with the best examples of the style selected. The princi- 
pal entablature of the exterior walls will be singularly effective in detail, upon which 
will be seated one of the most conspicuous roofs yet introduced in any structure, 
public or private, erected in this country. In the several faces of the street sides of 
this roof are to be placed highly burnished donner windows, intended to be con- 
structed of stone or iron, above which the top of the roof will be finished v/ith 
cornice and facia, forming the seating of the bronze gi'ille, intended to enclose the 
entire upper section or flat of the roof. In idealizing the roof of the structure, tlie 
architect has introduced several exceedingly novel and expressive features of finish, 
avoiding, it is believed, the sameness of expression which too often characterizes the 
' Louvre ' and * Mansard ' roofs. The Devonshire Street fa9ade will be subdivided 
into five compartments by a 'central projection' flanked by two 'curtains,' 
finishing at the corners of Water and Milk with 'pavilions.' The 'central 
projection ' and the two pavilions will be respectively subdivided in their height by 
orders of pilasters, columns, entablatures, and balustrades, and the curtain finish is 
to be dependent for its effect upon the window dressing and attached entablatures 
and balustrades, excepting in the first or street story, where the order of the first or 



56 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




THE NEW POST-OFFICE. 



street story before referred to is to be carried uniformly tbrougli the entire length of 
the three street fa9ades. The principal central entrance in the Devonshire Street 
fa9ade communicates with a broad staircase, located in a noble hall, communicating 
directly with the second, third, and fourth stories. The remaining entrances of 
this side of the building give access to the Post- Office corridor, twelve feet in height, 
above which the strong light to be secured by the liberal window openings of the 
first story will insure the full lighting of the Post-Office apartment behind the 
corridors of this and the other two streets on which the building bounds. Both the 
corner pavilions of the Devonshire Street side are repeated on the Milk and Water 
Street sides, and the architecture of these last will correspond, in detail and finish, 
with the Devonshire Street front aforesaid. Two groups of statuary are designed in 
the central projection of the Devonshire Street side, — one of them to crown the 
principal entrance, and the other group to surmount the fine stone 'attic' which 
covers the central projection, and faces the more elevated portion of the roof over 
that side of the structure. The central group of statuary, on the attic, is to be 
flanked by sculptured eagles, respectively located over the two outer corners of the 
attic." 

When the *' corner-stone" was laid, the edifice had already been nearly finished to 
the top of the street story ; but the occasion was a favorable one for a street parade, 
and the presence of the President of the United States and several members of his 
Cabinet added to the interest of tfce ceremonies. The Boston Post-Office has been 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



67 



somewhat of a migratory institution. During the siege of Boston it was removed 
to Cambridge, "but was brought back again after the evacuation of the town by the 
British. In the last ninety-six years it has been removed at least eight times. 
For the last eleven years it has been without interruption in the Merchants' Ex- 
change Building in State Street, but the present is its third occupation of the same 
quarters. The government has never owned the building in which the Boston Post- 
Office has been located. In the magnificent structure now building the upper stories 
will be occupied by the sub-treasury, which at present has its quarters in the Mer- 
chants' Exchange Building over the Post-Ofiice. The new building has already 
been in process of erection more than two years, and it will probably be two years 
more before it will be wholly finished, although a much earlier occupation of the 
Post- Office quarters is contemplated. When completed, it will have cost more than 
two million dollars. At present the avenues of approach to this building are 
neither numerous nor broad, but plans have been prepared for several street widen- 
ings that will, if they are carried out, make these important public offices easily 
accessible from all the business centres of the city. 

The County Court House in Court Square was erected in 1833, and is a substan- 
tial but plain and gloomy-looking building. There has been for some time past a 
movement in favor 
of a new court-house. 
Thus far there has 
been no agreement 
as to a suitable site, 
and no decisive step 
has been taken for a 
removal from the 
present inconvenient 
building and noisy 
neighborhood. The 
Cnited States Courts 
occupy the building 
at the corner of Tem- 
ple Place and Tre- 
mont Street, — a 
structure of very fine 
appearance and well 
suited to its present 
use. This building 
was erected in 1830 
by the Freemasons 
of Massachusetts as 
a Masonic temple ^'^' haul's church and the united states court-house. 

but it was subsequently used as warerooms for Chickering's pianos, and finally it was 
purchased by the United States government and fitted up as a court-house. Its 
architecture is quite unique. The walls are of Quincy granite cut into triangular 
blocks. The effect is not unpleasant, but it is surprising that the Masons of all 




58 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



othei-s should have departed from their established rule of " square work," "With its 
two massive towers, its long arched windows, and its sombre general aspect, the 
suggestion of the building is rather that of a church than of a court-house. 

Our view also includes a sketch of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, adjoining the 
Court-House. The society worshipping in this church was formed in 1819, and the 
corner-stone was laid on the 4th of September of that year. The edifice was com- 
pleted, and consecrated by the bishops of Massachusetts and Connecticut on the 30th 
of June, 1820. It has since been extensively remodelled in the interior. The walls 
of this church are of a fine gray granite, but the Ionic columns in front are of Poto- 
mac sandstone laid in courses. This church is at present without a rector, the Eev. 
Dr. Nicholson having recently resigned, and his place not being yet filled. 

Two of the oldest church buildings in the city are left within this district, sur- 
rounded by business structures and far from the dwelling-houses of the worshippers 

who meet within their walls. The Old 
South Society Avas the third Congrega- 
tional Society in Boston, and was organ- 
ized in 1669, in consequence of a curious 
theological quarrel in the First Church. 
The first church building of this socie- 
ty, erected in 1669, stood for sixty years. 
It was of cedar, and it had a steeple and 
galleries, with the pulpit on the north 
side. It was taken down in 1729, when 
the present building was erected on the 
same spot, and religious services were 
held in it for the first time on the 26th 
of April, 1730 (0. S.). This meeting- 
house is perhaps the most noted church 
edifice in the United States. It is inter- 
nally very quaint and interesting. Its 
sounding-board over the pulpit, its high, 
square box-pews, its double tier of gal- 
leries, in fact its whole appearance, at- 
tract the visitor's attention, and lead him 
to inquire into its history if he does not 
already know it. But a tablet high 
above the entrance on the "Washington 
Street side of the tower gives concisely 
the main facts. The Old South is fre- 
quently mentioned on the pages devoted to the history of Boston before and 
during the Revolution. "When the meetings of citizens became too large to be 
accommodated in Faneuil Hall, then much smaller than now, they adjourned to 
this church. Here Joseph "Warren stood and delivered his fearless oration, on the 
anniversary of the massacre of March 5, 1770, in defiance of the threats of those 
in authority, and in the presence of a marshalled soldiery. Here were held the 
series of meetings that culminated in the destruction of the detested tea, on 




OLD SOUTH CHURCH. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



59 



which the determined colonists would pay no tax. In 1775, the British soldiers, 
eager to insult those by whom they were so cordially hated, but whom they 
held so completely in their power, occupied this meeting-house as a riding- 
school, and place for cavalry drill. They established a grog-shop in the lower 
gallery, which they partially preserved for spectators of their sport. The rest 
of the galleries were torn down, and the whole interior was stripped of its woodwork. 
The floor they covered with about two feet of dirt. At this time the church was 
without a pastor, and no new pastor was ordained until 1779. In 1782 the building 
was thoroughly repaired and put in very much its present condition. The first Elec- 
tion sermon was delivered in the Old South Church in 1712, and the ancient custom 
is still observed. As soon as the two branches of the Legislature have met and 
organized, the Governor is notified that the General Court " is ready to attend Divine 
service," the })rocession is formed, and the State government marches to this historic 
building to hear a sermon by a preacher designated by the preceding Legislature. 
But this ancient church must give way to the march of business. Its members live 
at a distance, and they are to abandon the spot consecrated by the memories of more 
than two centuries for a new meeting-house on land reclaimed from the sea. 

King's Chapel, too, standing at the corner of School and Tremont Streets, has its 
history, hardly less interesting than that of the Old South. It is, as is well known, 
the successor of 

the first Episco- r-=-^:f=- _ 

palian church :: rl^^^^rj L^ 

in Boston. ^^^ 

There were a 
few of the early 
settlers in the 
town, who be- 
longed to the 
Church of Eng- 
land. Very tim- 
idly did they 
ask in 1646 foi 
liberty to estab- 
lish their form 
of worship here, 
" till inconven 
vences hereby 
be found preju- 
dicial to the 
churches and 
Colony." Very 
decidedly were 
they rebuffed, 

and no more was heard of the matter for many years. The Church of Eng- 
land service was, however, introduced by the Chaplain to the commissioners from 
Charles II. in 1665, and from that time there was little hindrance to their forms. 




KINGS CHAPEL. 



60 BOSTO]^ ILLUSTRATED. 

Nevertheless, it was not until twelve years after this that a church was actually 
formed, and not until 1686 that steps were taken to erect a huilding to accom- 
modate it. Governor Andros in that year greatly offended the consciences of 
the Old South people by determining to occupy the Old South for an Episcopal 
church, and by compelling them to yield to him in this matter, though very much 
against their will. However, about that time, the church was built on a part of the 
lot where stands the present building. It is not possible to ascertain how the land 
was procured for the purpose ; and some have believed that Andros appropriated it 
in the exercise of the supreme power over the soil which he claimed by virtue of the 
delegated authority of the King. However, the church was built there, and by the 
middle of July, 1689, it was occupied. In 1710 the building was enlarged, but by 
the middle of the century it had fallen to decay, and it was voted to rebuild with 
stone. The present building was first used for Divine service August 21, 1754. 
During the British occupation of the town it was left unharmed. Not only was 
this the first Episcopal church in Boston, it was also the first Unitarian church. 
While the Old South Meeting-house was undergoing repairs of the injuries sustained 
in its occupation as a military riding- school, the society of King's Chapel gave to 
the former society the free use of the Stone Church. When the Old South people 
returned to their own house, the proprietors of King's Chapel voted to return to 
their old form of worship, with extensive alterations in the liturgy, adapting the 
Church of England service to the Unitarian doctrine. 

Adjoining this ancient church is the first burial-ground established in Boston. 
It is not exactly known when it was first devoted to the burial of the dead. There 
is some dispute over the question whether Mr. Isaac Johnson, one of the most 
prominent of the colonists, and also one of the first to pass away, was or was not 
buried here. It is, however, certain that this was the only graveyard in Boston 
for the first thirty years after the settlement. The visitor to this yard will be apt 
to notice the very singular arrangement of gravestones alongside the paths. They 
were taken from their original positions years ago, by a city officer, who was certainly 
gifted with originality, and reset, without the slightest reference to their former 
uses or positions, as edgestones or fences to the paths. Notwithstanding this not 
very praiseworthy improvement, which leads one to wonder how much further it was 
carried, there are still many very old gravestones in this yard. Three, at least, date 
back to the year 1658. One of these stones has a history. At some time after the 
interment of the good deacon it commemorated, the stone was removed and lost ; 
but it was discovered in 1830 near the Old State House, several feet below the 
surface of State Street. It is of green stone, and bears this inscription : — 

HERE : LYETH 

THE : BODY : OF : Mr 

WILLIAM : PADDY : AGED 

58 YEARS : DEPARTED 

THIS : LIFE : AUGUST : THE [28] 

1658. 

On the reverse is this singular stanza of poetry : — 



t-',..X 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



61 



HEAH . SLEAPS . THAT 
BLESED . ONE . WHOES . LIEF 
GOD . HELP . VS . ALL . TO . LIVE 
THAT . SO . WHEN . TIEM . SHALL . BE 
THAT . WE . THIS . WORLD . MUST . LIUE 
WE . EVER . MAY . BE . HAPPY 
WITH . BLESSED . WILLIAM PADDY. 

A great many distinguished men of the early time were buried in this enclosure, 
and several of the tombs and headstones still bear the ancient inscriptions. The 
tomb of the Winthrops contains the ashes of Governor John Winthrop, and of his 
son and grandson, who were governors of Connecticut. All three, however, died 
in Boston, and were buried in the same tomb. Not far away is a tablet supported 
by four upright posts, from which we learn that "here lyes intombed the bodyes" 
of four "famous reverend and learned pastors of the first church of Christ in Bos- 
ton," namely, John Cotton, John Davenport, John Oxenbridge, and Thomas Bridge. 
This burying-ground has not been used for interments for a very long time. It is 
occasionally opened to visitors, and well repays a visit, though all the inscriptions 
on all the tombs and stones were long ago copied and published. 

Tremont Temple is one of the 
best kno^vll halls in the city for 
public assemblies of all kinds. 
It stands on Tremont Street, 
directly opposite the Tremont 
House, on the site of the old 
Tremont Theatre. It covers more 
than 12, 000 square feet of ground. 
The front of Tremont Temple is 
covered with mastic, and is sev- 
enty-five feet high. Within is 
the great audience-room, one 
hundred and twenty-four feet 
long, seventy-two feet wide, and 
fifty feet high, with its deep, 
encircling galleries. It was in 
this hall that Mr. Charles Dick- 
ens gave his readings in Boston 
on his last visit to America, and 
it was selected on account of its 
great capacity and admirable 
acoustic properties. The hall is 
very plain indeed. Even the 
organ, which often adds so much tremont temple. 

to the appearance of halls and churches, is merely hidden behind a screen, and is 
without a case. The Temple is occupied on Sundays by the Tremont Street Bap- 
tist Church for its services. The Young Men's Christian Association has its quarters 




62 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



in this building, and there is, beneath the Temple proper, a smaller temple, — the 
Meionian. From the cupola of the building, which is, however, not very accessible, 
a fine view of Boston and the surrounding countrj^ is to be had. 

Standing on Tremont Street, at the head of Hamilton Place, and looking down 
the place, one may see a plain and lofty brick wall without ornament or architec- 
tural pretensions of any sort. The building is the Boston Music Hall, one of the 
noblest public halls in the world, and the pride of every music-lover of Boston. 
This hall was built by private enterprise, and first opened to the public in 1852. It 

has ever since been 
the head- quarters 
of musical enter- 
tainment in the 
city. It would re- 
quire more space 
than can be devot- 
ed to the subject 
to give even a list 
of the great singers 
whose voices have 
been heard within 
its walls, of the fa- 
mous lecturers who 
have expounded 
their views here, 
and of the numer- 
ous fairs for chari- 
table purposes that 
have been held in 
it. But it is safe 
to say that in no 
other single hall in 
the country have 
so many and so 
choice programmes 

of music been performed, and that no other hall has lurnished a platform for so many 
distinguished orators during the past twenty years. The acoustic properties of the 
hall are perfect. Indeed, it is, as Dr. Holmes has well said, *' a kind of passive musical 
instniment, or at least a sounding-board constructed on theoretical principles." It is 
one hundred and thirty feet in length, seventy-eight in breadth, and sixty-five in 
height. The height is half of the length, and the breadth is six-tenths of the length, 
the unit being thirteen feet. No one who has been inside the hall needs to be told of its 
architectural beauty, its spaciousness, its entire suitability to the purpose for which it 
was designed. The brilliant light shed down from the hundreds of gas-jets encircling 
the Avail far above the upper balcony is something to be remembered. The fine statue 
of Apollo, the admirable casts presented by Miss Charlotte Cushman and placed in the 
walls, and above all the magnificent statue of Beethoven, by Crawford, standing in 




THE ORGAN IN MUSIC HALL. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



63 



front of the organ, deserve the attention of every visitor to the hall. But all these 
works of art are speedily forgotten in the j)resence of the glorious instrument that is 
the chief ornament and attraction of the Music Hall. The organ was contracted for 
in 1856, with Herr E. Fr. Walcker of Ludwigsburg, Wurtemberg, and was set up and 
fomially inaugurated on the 2d of November, 1863, in the presence of an immense 
and delighted audience. Hundreds of thousands of people have since listened to its 
grand and beautiful tones. The organ contains five thousand four hundred and 
seventy-four pipes, of which no less than six hundred and ninety are in the pedal 
organ ; and it has eighty-four complete registers. Its architecture is exceedingly 
rich and appropriate, and a close inspection is necessary to reveal the beauties of 
which only the general effect can be here reproduced. Only those who have been 
inside the great instrument know how complete and thorough was the work. Even 
the brass pipes that imitate the trumpet are shaped like the orchestral trumpet, and 
are of polished brass ; and the series of flutes are of choice wood, turned and var- 
nished, fashioned like actual flutes, and fitted with embouchures of brass. It is in 
all its parts the most perfect, as it is on the whole the largest, organ in the country. 
The whole cost of the organ and its case was upwards of $ 60,000. 

The Boston Museum, near the head of Tremont Street, is one of the oldest of the 
places of amusement in Boston. In 1841, Mr. Moses Kimball and associates opened 
the "Boston Muse- 
um and Gallery of 
Fine Arts," in a 
building erected for 
the purpose at the 
corner of Tremont 
and Bromfield Sts. 
In connection with 
the museum, it had 
a fine music-hall, 
capable of seating 
twelve hundred peo- 
ple, where the dra- 
ma very soon found 
a home. The suc- 
cess of the venture 
was so great that 
the present build- 
ing was erected in 
1846, and the first 
entertainment was 
given in it on the 
2d of November in 
that year. The mu- boston museum. 

seura proper is very large and interesting. It occupies numerous alcoves in the large 
hall on Tremont Street, the hall being furnished Avith several capacious galleries, 
which are all filled with curiosities and works of art. The theatre is large and well 




64 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



ventilated, comfortably furnislied and finely decorated. It is managed with liberal 
shrewdness. The " star " system is wholly discarded, and the dramas are represented 
by an excellent stock company. The veteran "William "Warren, who became con- 
nected with this theatre the second season, and has been a member of the company 
every year but one since, is a host in himself. Several other actors and actresses 
have been at the Museum so long that they would hardly be at home on any other 
stage. This theatre is a very great favorite with all classes of patrons of the drama. 
It used to be called the "Orthodox theatre" on account of the distinction made 
by some good people who objected to dramatic entertainment in general, but saw 
no harm in attending the representation of plays at the Museum. The Museum is 
now under the administration of Mr. E. M. Field, who has occupied the position 
of manager for nearly eight years. 

The Boston Theatre is situated on the west side of Washington Street, between 
Avery and "West Streets. It is the largest regular place of amusement in New Eng- 
land, and is in 
many respects one 
of the finest. The 
opportunity for 
architectural dis- 
play was most lim- 
ited, and no hint 
whatever is given 
of the lofty and 
spacious auditori- 
um by the external 
appearance of the 
entrance. This 
theatre is owned 
by a stock compa- 
ny, but is managed 
by private enter- 
prise. Itwas erect- 
ed in 1854, and was 
opened on the 11th 
of September of 
that year, under 
the management of 
Mr. Thomas Bar- 
ry. There is a 
stock company 

connected wdth this theatre, but there is almost always a " star " performer to attract 
the multitude, — and a very large multitude can be accommodated within it. 
This is the house usually engaged for the representation of Italian, German, and 
English Opera. Most of the great American actors, and many distinguished 
foreign actors and actresses, have appeared upon this stage. Jefi'erson and Owens, 
Booth and Forrest, Fechter and Sq^hern, Ristori and Janauschek, and a host of 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



65 



others whose names are famous in the annals of the stage, have here delighted the 
Boston public within the last five years alone ; while of opera-singers may be men- 
tioned Nilsson, and Parepa liosa, and Kellogg, and Phillipps. The Boston Theatre 
is now under the management of Mr. J. B. Booth. 

The Globe Theatre is the newest and one of the most attractive of the theatres of 
Boston. It was built in 1867 by Messrs. Arthur Cheney and Dexter H. Follett, and 
opened in October of that year as Selwyn's Theatre, Mr. John H. Selwyn being 
the manager. After 
three years of suc- 
cessful management 
Mr. Sehvj^n retired, 
and was succeeded 
by Mr. Charles Fech- 
ter, Avho had, a few 
months before, car- 
ried Boston by storm 
by his acting at the 
Boston Theatre. Mr, 
Fechter's manageri- 
al experience in Bos- 
ton was brief, and 
he, in turn, gave way 
to Mr. W. R. Floyd, 
who is now the man- 
ager. Mr. Cheney 
meanwhile had be- 
come the sole owner 
of the theatre. The 
name of the house 
was changed to the 
Globe on the retire- 
ment of Mr. Selwyn. 
The decoration of 
the auditorium is re- ^-^ 

markably tasteful and brilliant. Although very rich colors are employed, the har- 
mony and complementary appropriateness of each to the other are so perfect that there 
is no approach to gaudiness. The stage appointments have always been unexcep- 
tionable under the several managements ; so that while one is listening to the words 
of the play, the eye, as well as the ear, is gratified. Under. jVIr. Selwyn the theatre 
was managed upon the stock-company principle ; Mr. Fechter was his own star ; and 
under Mr. Floyd there has been a combination of both systems. Mr. Charles Math- 
ews, Mr. John E. Owens, Miss Charlotte Cushman, and Miss Carlotta LeClercq may 
be mentioned among others who have played star engagements during the last two 
years. In common Avith all the regular theatres of Boston, it has enjoyed a very high 
and uniform degree of prosperity. 

Freemasonry has long been in a very flourishing condition in Boston, and, indeed, 
3 




66 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




MASONIC TEMPLE. 



in Massachusetts. After the po- 
litical excitement against the 
order, thirty or forty years ago, 
had died out, there was a re- 
action in its favor, and since that 
time it has had hardly a check 
to its progress. The fine building 
now used for the United States 
courts was used as the head-quar- 
ters of the order until the limits 
were outgrown. Subsequently the 
several organizations, or a large 
number of them, were gathered in 
the building adjoining the "Win- 
throp House, at the corner of Tre- 
mont and Boylston Streets. Both 
the hotel and the halls were de- 
stroyed by fire on the night of 
April 7, 1864. It was then deter- 
mined to build a temple worthy 
of the order on the same site. 
The comer-stone was laid with im- 
posing ceremonies on the 14th of 
October of the same year, and the temple, having been wholly completed, was dedicated 

on the Freemasons' anniversary, 
St. John's Day, June 22, 1867. 
On the latter occasion President 
Johnson was present, having 
accepted an invitation to par- 
ticipate in the ceremonies, 
which drew together delega- 
tions of brethren of the order 
from all parts of Massachusetts 
and New England. The build- 
ing is of very fine granite, and 
has a front of eighty-five feet 
on Tremont Street. Its height 
is ninety feet, though one of 
the octagonal towers rises to 
the height of one hundred and 
twenty-one feet. It has seven 
stories above the basement, of 
which only the street floor is 
occupied for other than mason- 
ic purposes. There are three 
large halls for meetings on the 
second, fourth, and sixth floors, 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



67 



finished respectively in the Corinthian, Egyptian, and Gothic styles. On the in- 
termediate floors are anterooms, small halls, and offices ; while in the seventh story 
are three large banqueting-halls. Both in its external appearance and in its internal 
arrangements this temple is a credit to the order and an ornament to the city. 

Within the limits of the district we have described are, as we have said, most of 
the daily newspapers and most of the weeklies. Several of the former are established 
pei-manently in buildings erected specially for their use. The Boston Post occupies 
tlie building at the corner of Water and Devonshire Streets, opposite the new Post- 
Ortice, except the secontt and third floors, which are let out for business purposes. 
The lirst number of the Post was issued on the 9th of November, 1831, by Charles 
G. Greene. In that first number the editor promised "to exclude from its cohunns 
eveiything of a vindictive or bitter character," and although he announced his inten- 
tion to discuss public questions freely and fearlessly, he agreed to do so " in a manner 
that, if it failed to convince, should not offend." The promise has been faithfully 
kept. The Post has frequently maintained the unpopular side in political contro- 
versies, but it has always done so without offensive pertinacity or personal diatribes, 
and tlius it has man- 
aged to have almost 
as many friends 
among those opposed 
to it in opinion as 
among those of its 
own political faith. 
It has also always 
maintained a reputa- 
tion for liveliness 
and cheerful humor 
that has been well 
deserved, and has 
stood it in good 
stead. The Post was 
first published in the 
present commodious 
quarters on the 
morning of March 
•J9, 1869. Its count- 
ing-room is on the 
street floor, its press- 
room in the base- 
ment, the editorial 
and reporters' rooms 
on the fourth floor, 
and the composing- 
room on the fifth. 




VIEW IN WASHINGTON STREET I GLOBE OFFICE. 



The only other strictly morning paper to be noticed is the Globe. This is the latest 
venture in journalism in Boston. It was a long time in planning, and was not issued 



68 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



until every preparation had been made. The building it occupies is that but recently- 
vacated by the Transcript, and is well suited to the present use. The Globe was 
first published on the morning of March 4, 1872. It is a quarto sheet, and the only 
Boston daily that takes that form regularly. It is independent in politics. It aims 
to give a large amount of news, — local, national, and foreign, and has thus far had 
a greater degree of success than could liave been anticipated when it was originally 
projected. Its circulation is said to be quite unusual for a newspaper so recently 
started, and it has already become a worthy rival to its longer established neighbors. 
The Transcript was the pioneer of the evening press in Boeton, and is, next to the 
Advertiser, the oldest daily newspaper in the city. It was first published in July, 

1830, and the senior 
partner of the orig- 
inal firm is still the 
head of the house. 
The experunent was 
for some time one 
of dou])tful success, 
but it grew in pop- 
ularity, and now no 
paper in Boston is 
more firmly estab- 
lished . During the 
more than forty 
years since its first 
publication it has 
had but four edi- 
tors - in - chief, of 
Avhom the present 
editor is now in the 
twentieth year of 
his service. The 
Transcript has al- 
ways lieen a pleas- 
ant, chatty, tea-ta- 
ble paper, full of 
fresh news, literary 
gossip, and choice 
extracts from what- 
ever in any branch of literature was new and entertaining. It aims to please the 
Boston public, and has never made any strenuous exertions to extend its circulation 
far beyond the city's limits, and yet it is highly esteemed abroad. The building in 
which it is now permanently established is a fine granite-front stnicture four stories 
in height, with a double French roof above. As Avith most of the other newspapers 
occupying their own buildings, the basement and street floor are reserved for press- 
room and counting-room, the second and third floors are let for business purposes, 
and the two upper floors are reserved for editorial and composing rooms. 




VIEW IX WASHINGTON STREET: TRANSCRIPT OFFICE. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



69 



The Eveniug Traveller occupies a building at the corner of State and Congress 
Streets, — quarters in which it has been established since 1854. The Daily Traveller 
was first issued on the 1st of April, 1845, as a two-cent evening paper, — the first in 
Boston to adopt a price so low. The weekly American Traveller h*ad then been 
issued more than twenty years, having been first published in January, 1825. In its 
day the American Traveller was the great paper for stage-coaches and steamboats. 
When the daily was founded, it adopted a course quite different from that of any 
other paper in Boston. It aimed to be a moral and religious organ as well as a 
medium of news. The old traditions are still retained to some extent in the Travel- 
ler, but it long ago adopted the purveyance of news as its leading object. In this 
particular its reputation is firmly established, the news department, under a liberal 
management, being always fresh and well arranged. The arrangement of the Travel- 
ler office is similar to that of the other offices that have been mentioned, with one 
or two exceptions. The great value of space in State Street has led the Traveller to 
share its counting- 
room Avith others. 
One corner of the 
room is occupied by 
a telegraph - office, 
and in the two cor- 
ners on State Street 
are located, in rath- 
er narrow quarters, 
two brokerage-hous- 
es ; and above, on 
the fourth floor, are 
to be found both the 
composition and 
editorial rooms. A 
view of the Travel- 
ler building is given 
in the illustration 
of State Street. 

The Boston Jour- 
nal is both a morn- 
ing and an evening 
paper. The second 
and third pages al- 
ways contain the la- 
test news, in what- 
ever edition it is 
sought. The Jour- 
nal long ago ob- 
tained an excellent 

reputation as a general newspaper, both for the counting-roogi and the family circle. 
It has a very large sale throughout Massachusetts, Maine, and New Hampshire, 




VIEW IN WASHINGTON STREET. 



70 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



and in consequence of tlie peculiar character of its constituency has always been 
especially strong in its New England intelligence. The Journal was founded in 1833, 
appearing for the first time on February 5 of that year as the Evening Mercantile 
Journal. On beginning the publication of a morning edition, it took its present 
name. The Journal was the first newspaper in Boston to procure a Hoe press. It 
now uses two, — one of six cylinders, and the other of eight. The present building 
was occupied in September, 1860. Its arrangement is similar to that of other 
papers already described. 

The Boston Herald is also a morning and evening paper, and enjoys a very great 
popularity. It was first issued in 184(5 as a one-cent paper, and this price it main- 
tained until the general rise of prices 
s^^ - ; ^ -^- during the war. The Herald circulates 

a very large number of copies, its daily 
issue being exceeded by only one or two 
newspapers in the country. It is the 
only one of the Boston papers that has 
yet adopted- the practice of stereotyping 
its "forms," and this course it was com- 
pelled to adopt by the impossibility of 
printing the requisite number of copies 
in the time at its disjwsal. The Herald 
is also the only daily of those already 
named that publishes a Sunday issue. 

In addition to the newspapers men- 
tioned there are two other dailies, — 
the Times, an evening paper, and the 
News, published morning and evening, 
and sold for two cents each ; the Times, 
like the Herald, publishing a Sunday 
issue. There ai'e also many other week- 
ly newspapers, vv^eekly, political, relig- 
ious, agricultural, pictorial, and literar)', 
many of them with very large circula- 
tion, and conducted Avith marked abil- 
ity. There are no less than five Sun- 
daj^ papers, a number that is hardly 
exceeded by any city in the country. 
And there is probably no other busi- 
ness that has Qxperienced a more uninterrupted jjrosperity for the past ten years, or 
that has resulted in more satisfactory returns to the pockets of the investors, than 
the business of newspaper publishing in Boston. 

The fine hall of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association stands upon 
the northwest corner of Bedford and Chauncy Streets. This association, of which 
Paul Eevere was the first president, had been agitating the question of erecting a 
hall for more than half a century before the steps were finally taken that resulted 
in the building of this structui^. The land was bought in December, 1856, for 




BOS TON ILL US TRA TED. 



71 



$31,000. It fronts 
ninety -three feet on 
Chauncy Street, and 
sixty-j5ve feet on 
Bedford Street. The 
building was imme- 
diately begun upon 
a plan designed by 
Hamniatt Billings, 
and it was completed 
and dedicated in 
March, 1860, at a 
cost, including land, 
of about $320,000. 
It is constructed of fj 
dark freestone in a 
modification of the 
Italian Kenaissance 
style of architecture. 
During the erection 
of the City Hall the 
building Avas occu- 
pied by the offices 
of the city gov- 
ernment. The 
large hall and 
the accompany- 
ing rooms on 
the second floor 
are now used by 
the Boston 
Board of Trade 
and the Na- 
tional Board of 
Trade. 

A fine piece of 
architecture is 
the Horticul- 
tural Hall, on 
Tremont Street, 
between Brom- 
field Street and 
Montgomery 
Place. It was 
erected by the 
Massachusetts 




MECHANICS BUILDING. 




HORTICULTURAL HALL AND STUDIO BUILDING. 



n 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Horticultural Society, and is one of the most j)erfectly classical buildings in the 
city. It is built of fine-grained white granite, beautifully dressed, and the exte- 
rior is massive and elegant in proportion. The front is surmounted by a granite 
statue of Ceres. The lower floor is occupied for business purposes, and above are 
two halls, not very large, yet adapted not only to their original purpose, for the 
meetings and exhibitions of the society, but for parlor concerts, lectures, social 
gatherings, and fairs. The series of Sunday afternoon lectures delivered in this 
building during each winter for several years past have made Horticultural Hall 
almost as well known in this country as Exeter Hall is in England. On the oppo- 
site corner of Bromfield Street stands the Studio Building. This structure is occu- 
pied on the street floor by six large stores, while above is a perfect hive of artists. 
This building, indeed, is the head-quarters of the artists of Boston, though many of 
them are located elsewhere. There are delightful artists' receptions here, to which 
the general public is invited. Besides the devotees of art, there are many private 
teachers of music and the languages in the Studio Building, and not a few of the 
rooms are occupied as bachelors' apartments. 

The building occupied by the Mason & Hamlin Cabinet Organ Company for their 
warerooms on Tremont Street is a marble structure of great architectural beauty, 

which has added not a little to the 
attractiveness of Tremont Street, and 
has aided in drawing business do^^^l 
that avenue below Temple Place. It 
was begun in the spring of 1866, and 
was completed in the following 
spring, at a cost of about $175,000. 
The Mason and Hamlin Company is 
more extensively engaged in manufac- 
turing reed musical instruments than 
any other establishment in the world. 
It has turned out upwards of sixty 
thousand instruments in the eighteen 
years since the business was begun, 
and the business has increased three- 
fold in the last seven years. The 
company is now exporting many in- 
struments of its manufacture to Eu- 
rope. It has two extensive manufacto- 
ries, one on Cambridge Street, Bos- 
ton, and the other in Cambridge. 

At the corner of Washington Street 
and Central Court is the elegant build- 
ing occupied by Jordan, Marsh, & Co. 
as a retail dry-goods store. It has 
a fine front of dark freestone, eighty feet long on Washington Street and five 
stoiies high. The street floor and basement only were at first occupied by the firm. 
The second floor was used as a w^reroom by Chickering & Sons, the rear being 




VIEW IN TREMONT STREET. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



73 



finislied off into a beautiful hall, while the upper floors were let to lodgers. The 
whole building is noy occupied by the firm, and the wholesale department has been 
removed from Devonshire Street to a new building in the rear. The two structures 
cover a surface of from 20,000 to 23,000 square feet, and are connected by an exca- 
vated passage-way. Each building is furnished with a passenger and a freight ele- 
vator, all of 

them operated , 

by a stationary 
engine in the 
passage-way be- 
tween the two 
buildings. 

The Old Cor- 
ner Bookstore, 
now occupied 
by Messrs, A. 
Williams & Co., 
is one of the 
verj^ oldest 
buildings now 
standing in the 
city. The exact 
date of its erec- 
tion is not 
known, but the 
building which 
preceded it on 
the same site 
was destroyed 
by the great 
fire of October, 
1711, and in a 
short time, 
probably within 
a year, the Old 
Corner Store 
was erected. 

The history of this store has been very carefully and completely traced from its first 
occupation as an apothecary's shop, by the builder, Mr. Thomas Crease, to its reversion 
to the original use in 1817. In 1828 Messrs. Carter and Hendee took it for a book- 
store, and to that use it has ever since been devoted. Four years after the date just 
mentioned, Messrs. Allen and Ticknor, the lineal ancestors of the present house of 
James R. Osgood & Co., took this position, and retained it under the successive man- 
agement of William D. Ticknor, Ticknor, Reed, & Fields, and Ticknor & Fields, until 
1865, when the last-named firm removed to the quarters on Tremont Street now occu- 
pied by their successors. The Old Corner Store combines excellence of situation 




JORDAN, MARSH, AND CO.'S BUILDING. 



74 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




CORNER BOOKSTORE. 




with a sort of ram- 
bling picturesque - 
ness that has made 
it a great favorite 
with lovers of books. 
It has been preserved 
in very nearly its 
original form, and 
will probably be per- 
mitted to remain for 
many years as one 
of the best and most 
substantial exam- 
ples of a style of 
architecture that has 
gone wholly out of 
vogue. 

The present quar- 
ters of the publish- 
ing-house of James 
R. Osgood & Co., successors 
to Ticknor & Fields and 
Fields, Osgood, & Co., are 
in the first of a row of 
buildings that reach from 
Hamilton Place to Winter 
Street, on Tremont Street. 
A generation ago these fine 
granite-front structures were 
among the most elegant 
private mansions in the city. 
One by one they have been 
given up to business until 
all are now so occupied. 
Their size and arrangement 
made them admirably adapt- 
ed for transformation into 
stores. The publishing- 
house occupies the entire 
building. From this house 
are issued four periodicals, 
— the Noi-tli American Re- 
view, the Atlantic Month- 
ly, Our Young Folks, 
and Every Saturday. This 
house retains all the impor- 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



75 



tant literary relations and the valuable copyrights which have been acquired during 
forty years under its various names. Among its authors are Longfellow, Whittier, 
Emerson, Hawthorne, Lowell, Holmes, Mrs. Stowe, Tennyson, Dickens, Thackeray, 
and many other of the first authors of America and England. 

The magnificent marble structure on Wasliington Street occupied by Macullar, 
Williams, & Parker, for their great wholesale and retail clothing manufactory and 
salesroom, was built by the trustees of the Sears estate. Its fine marble front cannot 
fail to attract notice, and its internal arrangements are as perfect as its architecture. It 
was built especially for this firm, 
and was arranged to suit them. 
At the time it was erected it was 
the largest building in the world 
wholly devoted to the business of 
clothing manufacture, and per- 
haps it is so now. It fronts only 
forty feet on Washington Street, 
but it extends back to Hawley 
Street two hundred and fifty feet, 
and is five stories in height. There 
is in every room an abundance of 
light and air, and the State Board 
of Health made a special note of 
the regard paid in these respects 
by this establishment to the 
health of the men and women 
employed. 

The Sears Building, on the corner 
of Court and Washington Streets, 
is one of the finest, as it was also 
for its size one of the costliest, 
business structures in the city. 
Tlie land was bought and the work 
of tearing down the old buildings 
was begun in June, 1868. The 
foundation was laid in July, and 

within a year the new building was macullar, williams, and parker' 

occupied. It has a front of fifty-five feet on Washington Street, and of one hundred 
and forty-nine feet on Court Street. It is built in the Italian-Gothic style of archi- 
tecture, the external walls being constructed of gray and white marble, the contrast of 
which is highly pleasing. The price paid for the land on Avhich this building stands 
was $356,000, which was at the rate of about forty-three dollars a square foot, and 
the building itself brought the entire cost of the ])roperty up to about three quar- 
ters of a million dollars. It is furnished within in a style of great elegance, and 
is occupied by two banks, several insurance companies, a score or more of railroad 
companies, engineers, treasurers of companies, etc. A steam elevator of the best and 
latest pattern is kept constantly running, to convey passengers from tlie street floor 




Bl'ILDIXG. 



76 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



to the top of the building. This elegant structure appears on the right of the large 
view on page 50 of this book. 

The crookedness of Washington Street is not in all respects a disadvantage. It 
permits many fine buildings to be seen to better advantage than they would be if the 

street had been laid out in a straight 
line. In passing along the street, one 
of the most prominent buildings, and 
one of the most recent additions to 
the fine architecture of the street, is 
the banking-house of the Mercantile 
Savings Institution. This is, how- 
ever, an old building with a new front, 
and otherwise reconstructed. The 
new front is of veined marble, rest- 
ing on three columns of highly pol- 
ished red Quincy granite. The elegant 
steps which give access to the basement 
and the first story are of pure white 
marble. AYithin, the apartment of the 
bank, which occupies the whole of the 
first story, is finished in black walnut, 
the walls are tastefully frescoed, and 
the floors and counters are of marble. 

Artemus Ward, in a saying Avhich has 
become proverbial, located Harvard 
College in the billiard-room of Par- 
ker's, on School Street. But it is 
not with the Harvard students alone 
that the Parker House is a favorite. 
Charles Dickens, who had, of course, a 
predilection for a hotel on the Euro- 
pean plan, gb,ve it the name of being 
the bes* house at which he had been 
a guest in America. The proprietors 
of the Parker House began in a small 
v.-ay in another building, and gained 
a reputation for providing the best 
that the market affoixled, which they 
have never suffered themselves to lose. 
Their present quarters are elegant ex- 
ternally, and sumptuously furnished 
within. The house is patronized very 
extensively by persons travelling for pleasure, and is a universal favorite with visitors 
as well as citizens. Its prosperity is so great that the proprietors have found it 
necessary to make an addition of two stories to then- present building, and to pur- 
chase an estate on Tremont Street, which will ^ve tlie hotel a much-needed 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



11 



entrance from that thronged avenue. This new addition will consist of a six-story 
marble building of fine architectural appearance. 

We end this chapter as we began it, with a view in State Street. This time 
our sketch shows the magnificent row of warehouses at the lower end of State 
Street, known as State Street Block, which contains some of the most substan- 
tially built and commodious stores in Boston. The former proprietors having 
filled in the dock between Long and Central Wharves, and having driven about 
eight thousand piles, began to la}'^ the foundations of this structure in December, 
18.56. The lots were 
sold by auction in 
June, 1857, one of 
the terms of the sale 
being that the pur- 
chaser should erect 
upon the lot bought 
a building in accord- 
ance with a specified 
plan, so as to make 
the entire block 
uniform. The lots 
brought prices ran- 
ging from $18.75 
down to $5. 3 7 1" per 
superficial foot. The 
building, or rather 
the collection of 
buildings, erected, 
covers an area 425 
feet long on State 
and Central Streets, 
and is of a uniform 
depth of 125 feet. 

The walls are laid in rough granite ashlar. The stores have each five stories and 
a double attic above the street, and the height of the buildings from the street to 
the crown of the roof is about 92 feet. The general appearance of this block 
of fifteen stores is of extreme solidity and of complete adaptation to the purpose 
for which they were designed. Many other wharves in Boston besides Long 
Wharf are covered with solid and capacious waiehouses, though this State Street 
Block is the largest and most elegant of all. The visitor in the city will find 
agreeable occupation for many a leisure hour in wandering about the wharves, 
where there is, under the revival of commerce in Boston, a perpetual scene of ac- 
tivity. The most important wharves in Boston proper are those in the immediate 
vicinity of State Street, — especially Central, India, and T Wharves, where most 
of the large steamers in the coasting trade arrive, and whence they depart. Atlantic 
Avenue, which is rapidly becoming an important channel of communication between 
the several wharves, passes directly across the foreground of our view of State 
Street Block. 




THE PARKER HOUSE. 



78 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Tlie retail trade 
of the Central Dis- 
trict of Boston is 
chiefly transacted in 
that section bounded 
on the east by Wash- 
ington Street, the 
greater part of the 
territory between 
Washington Street 
and the wharves be- 
ing given lip to 
Avholesale business. 
The ladies' quarter 
has its centre at the 
corner of Washing- 
ton and Winter Sts. 
On any pleasant da}"" 
the sidewalks and 
stores in the imme- 
diate vicinity of 
that corner are 
crowded with ladies 
engaged in the de- 
lightful occupation of " shopping," and the streets are lined with their carriages. 
The railroads have made it possible for the inhabitants of the cities and towns 
of half Massachusetts to make their ordinary purchases in Boston, and the large 
proportion of ladies carrying little travelling-bags is an indication of the extent to 
which advantage is taken of the possibility. 




STATE STREET BLOCK. 



!i I ,ii 



.<, 'iii i '1. 










BOSTON ILLUSTRATED, 



79 



V. THE SOUTH END, 




HE South End of Boston, as the term is now understood, is a district of 
residences. It is true that Washington Street, throughout its whole 
length, is given up almost entirely to retail trade, and that a considerable 
amount of business is done on other streets. There are too, here and 
there, large manufactories that are not to be overlooked. But, generally speaking, 
Boylston Street divides the business of the city on the north from the residences on 
the south. It is unpossible to predict how long this state of things will continue. 
Boston business is rapidly expanding, and the room to do it in must expand likewise. 
The current is setting decidedly to the south, and year by year new advances are 
made in that direction, by both wholesale and retail trade. It is the firm belief 
of many that Columbus Avenue will ultimately become a great retail business 
street, but that is looking far into the future. Yet it can have escaped no one's 
observation, that the district between Boylston Street and the Albany Railroad is in 
the state of transition that invariably precedes the full occupation of a position by 
trade. But we must 
speak of the existing 
lines of division ; and 
for our purposes we 
regard as the South 
End, given up to res- 
idences, all the ter- 
ritory bounded on 
the north and west 
by Essex, Boylston, 
andTremont Streets, 
and the Boston and 
Albany Railroad, 
and south by the 
old Roxbuiy line. 

The face of the 
country in this part 
of the city is for the 
most part level ; and 
indeed a very large 
part of the territory 
was reclaimed from 
the sea. A great 
number of the horse- "'^'^ '"^ ^"^'^^^'^ ^'^^''^^^• 

cars run to the " Neck," but the South End is no longer a neck of land. There 
are many among us who remember when Tremont Street was but a shell road 




80 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



81 



across flats. Now it is a spacious avenue lined witli imposing structures, as may 
be seen in our large view. Only a few public spaces were reserved in this part of the 
city. Franklin and Blackstone Squares are merely open spaces, — of great value, to be 
sure, for breathing purposes, but incapable, both from their small size and from their 
flatness, of being made very beautiful. Union Park, Worcester Square, and Chester 
Square have been made desirable for residence and for public resort by simple and 
inexpensive means. The last-named has long been a favorite street for dwelling- 
houses, many of which are very elegant and costly. Through the avenue runs a 
park, narrow at the ends, but swelling out in the centra, in which are trees and 
flowers, with a fountain and a fish-pond, making the park a deliciously cool ami 
pleasant spot in midsununer. Most of the streets, other than those we have 
named, though generally pleasant, are somewhat monotonous in their appearance. 
One street, which is not an exception to the rale of monotony, but which is never- 
theless a favorite place for residences, is Columbus Avenue. This is one of the 
longest straight streets in the city. It is laid out in a direct line from AVest Chester 
Park to Park Square, but has thus far only been completed to Berkeley Street. It 
has been paved for the greater part of its length with wood, and this partially 
explains its popularity, for it is chosen, on account of its even pavement, as a 
driveway, by great numbers of public and private carriages, making it always a 
lively street, though never a noisy one. Columbus Avenue ends in a pleasant little 
square at its junction with West Chester Park, and when -it shall have been w^holly 
built up, this will be one of the most delightful spots at the South End. 

There are but few public buildings in this section of the city, and we begin by 




L ill 



filRLS HIGH AND NORMAL SCHOOL. 



82 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



giving a view of one that should be characteristic of the district, as well as illus- 
trative of the admirable school buildings for which Boston is celebrated, the last and 
best school-house provided by the city for the education of youth. The Girls' High 
and Normal School is built upon a lot fronting 200 feet on West Newton and 
Pembroke Streets, and 154 feet in depth. The building itself has a front on each 
street of 144 feet, and a depth of 131 feet. The school has a capacity equal to the 
accommodation of 1225 pupils. The total cost of the land and the building was 
$310,717, of which about | 60,000 was paid for the land, and $16,000 for the fur- 
nishing. It Avould be impossible within our limits to give even a brief description of 
this perfect school-house. It has an abundance of rooms for every department of 
the school, for museums, and collections of all kinds of articles necessary to the in- 
struction here given. There are no less than sixty-six separate apartments, exclusive 
of halls, passages, and corridors. They are all well lighted and cheerful. The 
entire building is supplied with hot air, radiated from apparatus located in the 
cellar, and is ventilated in the most thorough manner. The large hall in the upper 
story has received, through the generosity of a number of ladies and gentlemen, a 
large collection of casts of sculpture and statuary. Every room is placed in direct 
communication with the master's room by means of electric bells and speaking- 
tubes. On the roof is an octagonal structure, which is designed td be used as an 
astronomical observatory. In every respect this school-house is suited to the purpose 
for which it was designed, and is a credit to the city. 

Within a few years 
the French ''flat" 
system of dwellings 
has been very exten- 
sively adopted in 
Boston. There are 
now as many as 
twenty great "ho- 
tels," as they are 
called, divided into 
suites of apartments 
^ where families may 
lodge and "keep 
house" all on one 
floor. These suites 
are of various sizes, 
and are variously ar- 
ranged, but the prin- 
I ciple is the same, 
i There are, too, very 
many houses former- 
ly used as single re- 
sidences, that are 

WASHINGTON STREET, WITH CONTINENTAL HOTEL. UOW let OUt tO tCU- 

ants, who take all the rooms on one floor; and again there are "fauiily" hotels, 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



83 




HOTEL BOYLPTON. 



where the apartments are arranged for the most part in suites, but where there 
are no kitchens, thus obliging the guests to take their meals at a restaurant, or at 
a table dlidte. But ^_._ 

we have now to do __ ^^ ^^^ ~ 

with the French " ^ ^— -=^ , 

system, pure and 
simple, which is il- 
lustrated in the im- 
mensely long and 
commodious Conti- 
nental Hotel, in the 
Hotel Berkeley, and 
the Hotel Boylston. - 
In structures of this ^ 
class, a family rents 
a suite of rooms all 
upon one flooi. 
Each suite has its 
own front door, — 
opening into a gen- 
eral hall, to be sure, 

— with an entry hall, parlor, dining and sleeping rooms, kitchen, etc. It is a house in 
itself. The tenant is generally relieved of the necessity of bu\dng fuel, the heat being 
supplied by steam from the basement. Except that he uses the same street-door, 
the same staircases, and the same hall with his felloAv-tenants, he is as isolated from 
the rest of the world as he would be in a house of his oAvn. The Hotel Pelham, 
on the corner of Boylston and Tremont Streets, was the first hotel of this kind 
erected in Boston, but of late the system has become exceedingly popular, and the 
demand so far exceeds the supply that proprietors are able to ask and to obtain 
large prices for rent. One of the most elegant of this class of dwelling-houses is 
the Hotel Boylston, opposite the Hotel Pelham and the Masonic Temple. It has 
been but recently erected by the Hon. Charles Francis Adams. Its architecture is 
remarkably pleasing and tasteful, and its location gives it a great advantage over 
some other fine buildings that must be examined, if at all, from the opposite side 
of a narroAv street. The interior has been arranged with great care to fit it for 
occupation hj families, and its central location, added to its own excellence and 
elegance, have already made it a gi-eat favorite with those who are fortunate enough 
to have their domicile beneath its roof. 

Some also of the largest hotels of the old-fashioned sort in the city are within the 
South End district. AVe give a sketch of one, — the St. James. It wds built by Mr. 
]VI. M. Ballon, and oi)ened in April, 1868. Standing as it does upon ISTewton Street, 
facing Franklin Square, the beauty of its proportions may be seen to the best ad- 
vantage. It is elegantly finished and furnished throughout, with all the appliances 
of a modern hotel, including a passenger elevator worked by steam. The great din- 
ing-hall is capable of seating two hundred and fifty people. Some of the rooms in 
this house are snost sumptuously furnished. During the short time it has been open, 



84 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




ST. JAMES HOTEL. 

Among a great number of churches in this part of the city, only a 
few can be mentioned. Most prominent already, though it is not yet 
completed, is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, on Washington and 
"Waltham Streets. The corner-stone of this church was laid in the 
summer of 1867. An army of workmen has since been engaged upon 
it at all seasons when building was possible, but it is still far from 
completion. Tlie great tower at the southwest corner will be 300 feet 
high, and so immensely high are the walls of the church, 
and so large is the surface of ground covered by it, that 
this height is only in strict proportion to the other dimen- 
sions of the structure. Already a small chapel — small, 
however, only in 

comparison with _. ,. rv: 

the rest of the 
building — has 
been finished, and 
its gorgeousness of 
color and the ele- 
gance of the fit- 
tings and ornamen- 
tation exceed that 
of any other church 
in New England. 
It is promised that 
even this shall be 
surpassed by the 
decoration of the 
Cathedral itself. 
It is claimed that • cathedral of the holy cross. 



it has had for guests 
several distinguished 
persons, chief among 
whom is President 
Grant. Another ho- 
tel, and a most ele- 
gant one, is the 
Commonwealth, on 
Washington Street, 
between Worcester 
and Springfield Sts. 
The material of the 
fronts on each of 
these streets is mar- 
ble, and the hotel is 
finely finished and 
furnished throughout. 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



85 



when the great auditorium shall have been finished, its numerous and wide en- 
trances will permit the exit of a full congregation more rapidly and easily than 
any other church in Boston. Probably something of the same spirit that led 
the Old South Society to insert over its church-door a tablet recording the fact 
that it was "desecrated by British soldiers" during the Eevolution, and that 
led the people of the Brattle St][uare Church to build the camion-ball from Bun- 
ker Hill into the wall of their edifice, has inspired the Roman Catholics to 
construct a part of the wall of this cathedral with brick from the ruins of the 
Ursuline Convent in Somerville. That convent was burned in 1834, and the 
ruin being at that time a more efi'ective reminder of the p^opular hostility to 
the sect than a new convent would be, it was never rebuilt.' It is somewhat 
singular that the Catholics have suffered less in Boston from proscriptive laws 
and the activity of religionists opposed to them than the Baptists or the Episcopa- 
lians. In lt)47 a laAV was passed prohibiting any ecclesiastic ordained by the 
authority of the Pope or See of Home from coming into the colony, but there is 
no evidence that it was ever enforced, or that any one ever suff"ered in person or 
property in Massachusetts by the authoiity of the government exercised against 
the Roman Catholic faith. In 1788 a Catholic chapel was dedicated. It is prob- 
able that services had been held in Boston long before, but neither, then, nor 
before, nor since, so far as the records sliow, was any attempt made to suppress 
them. Contrasted with their lot, the imprisoned and banished Baptists, the pro- 
scribed Episcopalians, and the executed Quakers, had a hard time indeed. 

Not very far distant from the Cathedral, on Harrison Avenue, are the Church of 
the Immaculate Conception and Boston College (which is under the auspices of the 
Catholics), side by side. The church Avas begun in 1857, and dedicated in 1861. 




CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION AND BOSTON COLLEGE. 

It is a solid structure of granite, without toAAer or spire. Above the entrance on 
Harrison Avenue is a statue of the Virgin Mary, with an inscription in Latin, 
while above all stands a statue of the Saviour, with outstretched arms. The 
interior of this church is very tine. It is finished mainly in white, except at the 



S6 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



altar end, where the ornamentation is exceedingly rich and in very high colors. 
The organ is regarded as one of the most brilliant in the city. This church has 
always been noted for the excellence of its music. The college was incorporated in 
1863, and has been very successful. The number of students is smaller than in 
some of the other colleges in the State ; still, it is increasing, and the class of 
young men who here receive higher education is one not reached by the Protestant 
colleges. The cost of the church and the college buildings was about $ 350,000. 

Among the many Protestant churches in this district of the city, we speak of but 
one, the Methodist Church, on Tremont Street, between Concord and Worcester. 

^^__.__ ^--=^^£i_-zs.- ~^k^:~ "^^i^ ^^^^ ^°^S heew 

regarded as one of 
the finest church 
' edifices in Boston, 
I- as it certainly is the 
fine^ belonging to 
the Methodist de- 
nomination. It was 
- one of the first, if 
1- not the very first, 
f constracted of the 
I Roxbury stone, 
which has now be- 
come so very popu- 
lar. The plan of the 
church, with its 
spires of unequal 
height at opposite 
corners, is unique, 
and the effect is ex- 
ceedingly pleasing. 
The society worship- 
ping here was for- 
merly known as the 
Hedding Church. 
Meetings were first 

held at the corner of Sha^vm^t Avenue and Canton Street in 1848. A brick church 
was built the next year on South William Street, which was occupied until the 
present edifice was dedicated, on the 1st of January, 1862. The structure is in the 
plain Gothic style, and stands on a lot 202 feet long and 100 feet in depth. The 
entire cost of land, buildings, bell, and furniture, was only $68,000. The land 
alone is worth much more than that sum to-day, and the church could not be 
replaced, if it were destroyed, for the amount originally paid for the entire estate 
of the church. 

More than twenty years ago the expediency of establishing a City Hospital was 
mooted. The physicians of the city urged it very strongly, and the subject was 
much discussed in the City Council. But, like many other projects of the kind, this 




METHODIST CHURCH, TREMONT STREET. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



8^ 



one was put off from year to year, althougli the necessity for such an institution ^^^s 
aU the time growing greater. At last in 1858 the Legislature gave the city the 
necessary authority, and in the last days of December, 1860, a lot of land on the 
South Bay territory, owned by the city, was appropriated for a City Hospital ihe 
work was begun in the fall of 1861, the buildings were dedicated on the 24th of May 
1864 and opened for the reception of patients the following month. The lot ot 
land 'on which the Hospital stands contains nearly seven acres, occupying the entire 
square bounded by Concord, Albany, and Springfield Streets, and Harrison Avenue. 
A large tract of land east of Albany Street is also occupied for hospital purposes. 




CITY HOSPITAL. 



The Hospital proper consists of a central building ior adnnmstration, pay-patient^ 
and surgical operating-room ; two pavilions connected with the central building by 
conidorT; and another pavilion for separate treatment. The architectural effect, as 
will be seen from our sketch, is very fine. The Hospital receives and treats patients 
gratuitously, though many pay for their board, thereby secunng separate apartm^^^^^ 
and additional privileges. During the year ending with the moii^i o April, 18/1, 
there were 2569 patients treated within the Hospital, besides 8899 who were under 
medical treatment in the department for out-patients. For the support of the m- . 
mates of the institution during that year the city paid more than | 9d,000. 

The people of the South End have been, until recently, without any general mar- 
ket ; but the want has now been supplied. A great market building was erected m 
1870 at the comer of Washington and Lenox Streets, and is thus accessible to the 
people both of the South End and of Roxbury. The building is about two hun- 
dred and fifty feet in length, and the lot on which it stands is about one hundred 
and twenty feet wide. There are nearly one hundred stalls. This is one ot the neatest 
and best kept markets in the city. Its stalls are clean and bright as well as roomy, 
and the general facilities for doing business here by the market-men from the coiin^ 
try, by the occupants of the stores, and by the general public, are of the very best. 

On one of the most conspicuous sites at the South End, on the corner of Berkeley 
and Tremont Streets, stands the now nearly completed Odd Fellows Hall. It is a 



S8 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




WASHINGTON MARKET. 



building of elegant design and of imposing appearance. The near expiration of the 
lease of the halls now occupied by the order compelled the Odd Fellows to seek quar- 
ters from which they 
could not be driven. 
The step was decided 
upon in January, 
1870 ; the Odd Fel- 
lows' Hall Associa- 
tion Avas incorpo- 
rated by the Legisla- 
ture at that time in 
session, the money 
was raised, the site 
purchased, and work 
was begun immedi- 
ately. The comer- 
stone was laid in the 
summer of 1871, and 
the exterior of the 

building was completed before tlie winter set in. Since then the interior has been 
receiving constant attention, and the hall will soon be occupied. This structure 

eoversabout 
twelve thou- 
sand square 
feet, and is 
constructed 
of Concord 
and Hallow- 
ell white 
granite. Itis 
four stories 
in height, of 
which the 
first or street 
story will 
contain sev- 
en large 
stores, with 
spacious 
basements 
beneath, ex- 
tending out 
under the 
sidewalks, 
will contain one audience-hall, with convenient anterooms and 
six offices on Tremont Street, with entrance from Berkeley 




ODD FELLOWS BUILDING. 



The second story 
side -rooms : also 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



89 



Street. The third story Avill contain three large working-halls, with suit- 
able anterooms, side-rooms, and closets ; also gi'and lodge office and grand 
master's private room, with otlier appendages ; also library-room and four com- 
mittee rooms. The fourth story ^xWX have one mammoth hall, iifty-four by ninety- 
four, and twenty-five feet high in the clear from floor to ceiling, with anterooms 
and side-rooms ; also a banquet-hall, twenty-six by one hundred and ten feet, with 
adjoining rooms and closets. The roof story will contain the encampment hall and 
other available rooms. The grand entrance to all these halls will be from Tremont 
Street. 

The Central Club is an organization lately formed. It began in a little circle, 
holding almost informal meetings at the St. James Hotel, in 1869. The necessity 
for a social 

club at the ^ 

South End _ ^? 

had long "^ " t 

been felt by 
many, and 
this organi- 
zation rapid- 
ly increased 
in member- 
ship. Only 
afew months 
after the ear- 
liest meet- 
ings, rooms 
were leased 
on Concord 
Street ; and 
in the new 
quarters the 
Club was 
once more 
besieged 
with appli- 
cations for 
admission to 

membership. Another removal became necessary, and in 1871 the elegant brown- 
stone residence on the comer of Washington Street and Worcester Square was 
leased for a term of seven years. The Central Club, having fitted up this build- 
ing in a manner combining elegance and comfort, removed thither early in the 
present year (1872). The apartments are spacious, admirably arranged, and 
richly furnished. From the large cupola, which is reached by a winding stair- 
case, a fine view of the harbor, the Highlands, and the surrounding country, can 
be obtained. 

The passenger station of the most important railroad leading out of Boston, the 




CENTRAL CLUB. 



90 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Boston and Albany, is situated on Beach Street, between Albany and Lincoln Streets. 
It is a plain structure of brick, and is neither as commodious, as convenient, nor as com- 
fortable as the business of the company warrants and demands. The company itself 
is aware of this, and has been for some time contemplating the erection of a larger 

and better sta- 
tion, but as yet 
its plans have 
not been ma- 
tured. This 
station is divi- 
ded longitudi- 
nally, so that 
outward and 
inward bound 
trains leave and 
arrive at two 
practically dis- 
tinct stations, 
— a plan which 
greatly lessens 
the confusion 
usually arising 
from the meet- 
ing of opposing 

currents of passengers. The Albany road exceeds all the other railroads centring 
in Boston, not only in length, but in the amount of business done both in passen- 
gers and freight. Its supremacy in the latter particular is very marked. The 
Eastern Railroad presses close upon its heels in the number of passengers canied, 
but the Albany road transports more merchandise than all the other railroads enter- 
ing Boston combined. Although others of our railroads have western and southern 
connections, the Albany has the greater part of the land travel to New York and 
the South, as well as of the travel to Albany and the West. And it is very much 
the most important line of transportation of freight, especially of western produc- 
tions, to Boston. 

The Old Colony and Ne^vport Railroad serves the entire South Shore of Massa- 
chusetts and Cape Cod ; and it also forms a link of one of the most popular rail- 
road and steamboat lines to New York, knowm as the "Fall River Line." The 
Old Colony road is about to absorb the Cape Cod Railroad, the Legislature having 
given the necessary authority, and both roads having voted in favor of the union. 
The growth of both local and through business on this line during the past few years 
has been very great, owing to the rapid increase of population along the line and 
the enterprising management of the company's affairs. The latter fact is illus- 
trated by the encouragement given to new settlers in suburban villages, A year 
or two ago the company offered a free pass for a term of years to every per* 
son who would bu^^ and occupy during that time a house at Wollaston Heights in 
the toAvn of Quincy. The result of this experiment has been an immense increase 




BOSTON ILL US TEA TED. 



91 



in the revenue 
of the company 
from that sta- 
tion. Similar 
liberality on the 
part of other 
raih'oads would 
doubtless lead 
to equally grat- 
ifying results. 
The station 
building of this 
road, at the 
comer of Knee- 
land and South 
Streets, makes 
no architectural 
pretensions ex- 
ternally, but 
within it is one 
of the largest 
and best struc- 
tures of the 
kind in the 
city. Its wait- 
ing-rooms and offices are light and airy, and are made as comfortable as the most 
comfortless of apartments, railroad waiting-rooms, can be. 

The United States Hotel, one of the largest hotels in the city, is directly opposite 
the Albany Station ; and being, at the same time, one of the best kept public houses 
in Boston, and near the centre of business, it has *a deservedly large share of the 
patronage of travellers. 




OLD COLONY RAILROAD STATION. 



92 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




VI. NEW BOSTON AND THE HAEBOR 

E have already said that Boston has grown in territorial extent not only 
by robbing the sea, but by absorbing other outlying tracts of land and 
whole municipalities. The first addition of the latter kind was made in 
^ 1637, when Koddle's Island was "layd to Boston." It was of very 
little use to the town, however, for it was practically uninhabited until 1833, when a 
company of enterprising capitalists bought the entire island and laid it out for im- 
provement. Its growth since that tune has been very rapid, and it is still capable 
of great increase in population, as well as in wealth and business. A part of South 
Boston was taken from Dorchester in 1804 by the Legislature, much against the will 
of the people of that town, and annexed to Boston. Again, in 1855, the General 
Court added to the territory of the city by giving to it that part of South Boston 
known as Washington Village. However, Boston has now^ made it all right with 
Dorchester by taking to itself all that remained of that ancient town. Eoxbury, 
which had a history of its own, and a name Avhich many of the citizens were exceed- 
ingly loath to part with, became a part of Boston on the 6th of January, 1868. It 
was incorporated as a town but a few days after Boston, it was the home of many dis- 
tinguished men in the annals of Massachusetts and the country, and it took a glori- 
ous part in the several struggles in which the Colonies and the Union were engaged. 
In the old times, when a narrow neck of land was the only connection between 
Boston and Eoxbury, there were good reasons w^hy the two should be under separate 
governments ; but long ago the two cities had met, and joined each other. It was 
not uncommon for buildings to be standing partly in one city and partly in the other. 
A man might eat dinner with his wife, he being in Boston, while she, on the 
opposite side of the table, was in Eoxbury. When at last the long-vexed question 
was submitted to the voters of the two cities, it was enthusiastically decided by both 
in favor of union. Dorchester was incorporated the same day as Boston. It too had 
its history, and but for the manifest advantages to both municipalities of a union, 
might have retained its separate existence. The act of union, passed by the Legisla- 
ture in June, 1869, Avas accepted by the voters of both places the same month, and 
the union was consummated on the 3d of January, 1870. It is with a few among 
the many objects of interest in these outlying parts of Boston, and in the harbor, 
that we shall have to do in this chapter. 

One of the most interesting of the public institutions in the city is the Perkins 
Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind, at South Boston. It has been 
more than forty years in operation with Uninterrupted and most remarkable success. 
It was instituted in 1831. In the following year. Dr. Samuel G. Howe undertook 
its organization, and began operations with six blind children as the nucleus of a 
school. For a year the institution was greatly hampered by a lack of funds ; but a 
promise of an annual grant by the Legislature, a generous sum raised by a ladies' fair, 
and liberal contributions by the people of Boston, speedily settled the financial 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



9: 



question, and opened a period of prosperity and usefulness which has continued to 
the present time. By the last report of the trustees in September, 1871, it appears 
that the whole ^ r;;;^-. 

number of in- ^^^,£^2^ r ~-^ 7 _ "^ !^^l^^^ ^ 

mates since the " . ~ "-. 

opening of the 
Asylum was then 
'774, and the aver- 
age number dur- 
ing preceding 
years was 153. 
The amount of 
good done by this 
Institution during 
the forty years it 
has been in op- 
eration is incalcu- 
lable. Wonders 
have been accom- 
plished in the in- 
struction of un- 
fortunate youth 
deprived of sight, 
and in some cases, 
notably that of 
Laura Bridgman, 
the absence of the 

sense of hearing also has not been an insuperable obstacle to learning. During 
its whole existence, this asylum for the blind has been under the direction of 
Dr. Howe, and a great deal of the success of the experiment is to be credited to 
his peculiar fitness for the position, and to his devotion to its interests. The 
main building, Avhich is shown by our sketch, is situated on high gi'ound on 
Mount Washington. Quite recently the plan of the institution has been changed. 
The sexes are entirely separated, the ladies and girls having been removed to four 
dwelling-houses built for the purpose. The inmates, of both sexes, are divided into 
families, each of which keeps a separate account of its expenses. The Asylum is 
partly self-supporting, such of the pupils as are able to pay maintaining themselves 
as at a boarding-school, and all the pupils being taught some useful trade. Several 
States, j)articularly the New England States, pay for the support of a large number 
of beneficiaries. 

The Boston and Albany Railroad Company has earned the gratitude of the busi- 
ness men of Boston by many enterprises, w^hich have both increased its great reve- 
nues and added to the commerce of Boston, but by nothing more than by its pur- 
chase and extensive use of the Grand Junction Raih'oad and the Wharf at East Bos- 
ton. The railroad forms a connection between the main line of the Boston and 
Albany, and the Fitchburg, Lowell, Eastern, and Boston and Maine Railroads, and 




PERKINS INSTITUTION FOR THE BUND. 



94 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



gives the Albany road a deep-water connection. AVheat-trains from the West are 
here emptied of their contents by machinery directly into an elevator, from which in 

turn vessels may be rapidly 



loaded. Ample facilities are 
afforded for loading and un- 
loading the Cunard steamers 
which swell so largely the 
tables of exports and imports 
of this port. And the facili- 
ties for the reception and de- 
spatch of immigrants at the 
Grand Junction Wharf are 
unequalled by those of any 
other city on the continent. 
Such as are to continue their 
journey by land into other 
States are provided with every 
. comfort, and completely se- 
S eluded from the sharpers who 
§ are always on the look-out 
H for an opportunity to swindle 
u the poor foreigners unused to 
iS the customs and often igno- 
« rant of the language of the 
I country, until they are sent 
g away in trains over the Grand 
H Junction and the Boston and 
§ Albany roads without be- 
a ing compelled even to pass 
< through the city. The amount 
"^ of business transacted at this 
wharf is iimnense. During 
the six months ending with 
March, 1872, there were 
14,558 cars of freight, with 
139,187 tons of merchandise 
received ; and 11,127 cars, 
loaded with 114,128 tons of 
freight, were forwarded. In 
the same time upwards of a 
million bushels of grain were 
received at the elevator, and 
617,826 bushels were shipped 
from it for exportation to for- 
eign countries. The railroad 
and wharves were built in 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



95 



^^^ 



tEjzftcir ** 



1850 - 51, and on the occasion of their opening a three days' jubilee was held in Bos- 
ton, in which many notables, the President of the United States among them, par- 
ticipated. But the sanguine expectations of the people of Boston were not realized 
until long afterwards. The enterprise did not pay. And when the present owners 
came into possession of the property in 1868, no train had been run over the road in 
fourteen years. Vast improvements have been made since then. The manner of 
doing business at the wharf, as well as its immense amount, is interesting enough 
to repay amply the trouble of a visit. Our sketch shows the extent of the improve- 
ments, and gives a good view of the city from East Boston. 

Eliot Square, into which Dudley, Washington, and other streets converge, is a 
small park in Roxbury, which possesses several points of interest. Here stands the 
old Unitarian meet- 
ing - house of the 
first church in Rox- 
bury, taking rank 
in age next after 
the first church in 
Boston. Over this 
church the Rev. 
Dr. George Putnam 
has been settled 
for more than forty 
years. The dwell- 
ing-houses in this 
square are many of 
them old, this part 
of Roxbury having 
been settled lono' first church m roxbury, and the Norfolk house. 

before the over-crowded streets of Boston sent thousands of the citizens to seek 
sites for modern villas on the more picturesque hillsides of this and other suburban 
towns. On this square, too, stands the Norfolk House, a fine building externally, 
and a favorite boarding-hotel. 

One of the most important improvements in the (Jochituate water-works was 
made in 1869, when the stand-pipe in Roxbury was erected and put in use. By 
this simple expedient, which has been found to Avork admirably in practice, the 
"head" of water has been increased over tlie whole city so greatly that the pure 
water is forced to the highest levels occupied by dwelling-houses. The stand-pipe is 
^on the "Old Fort" lot in Roxbury, between Beech-Glen Avenue and Fort Avenue. 
The base of the shaft is 158 feet above tide marsh level. The interior pipe is a 
cylinder of boiler iron, eighty feet long; and around this pipe, but within the exterior 
wall of brick, is a winding staircase leading to a lookout at the top. The total cost 
of the structure and the pumping- works connected with it was about $100,000. 
It was at first intended to supply high service to only those parts of the city at the 
higher levels, but its capacity was found adequate to the supply of the whole city, 
and the use of the old reservoir on Beacon Hill was therefore abandoned, though it 
would doubtless become useful in case of an accident to these works. 




96 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Roxbmy always had a good reputation 
for remembering its great men. Ameri- 
can cities do not nowadays follow the cus- 
tom of naming districts or wards after 
their famous men, and in some of them 
even the streets are mostly called by num- 
bers. Paris goes to one extreme, com- 
memorating days and historical events by 
such names as Eue Dix Decembre, Rue 
de la Dette, changed from Boulevard 
Haussmann, and so on. New York and 
Washington go to the other extreme with 
their Avenue A's, and their Four-and-a- 
half Streets. Boston has gone but slight- 
ly into this unromantic nomenclature, and 



Roxbury not at all. 
Dudley, Eustis, and 
Warren Streets, and 
numerous others 
named in memory 
of distinguished citi- 
zens. General Jo- 
seph Warren has 
been especially re- 
membered, for besides 
the street which 




We have 



bears his name, 
there is a steam fire- 
engine called after 
him, and the dwell- 
ing-house that 
stands on the spot 
where his house 
stood, bears a tab- 
let commemorating 
the fact. The house 
stands in a chann- 
ing site behind a 
row of fine old 
trees. 

In another part 
of Roxbury is the 



STAND-PIPE OF COCHITUATE WATER-WORKS. 




famous chromo-lithographic 
establishment of Prang & Co. 
The process of making chro- 
mes is one of the most inter- 
esting of the arts. The care 
with which each stone must 
be prepared, every one adding 
one color, and onl)'- one, to 
the picture that is lay and 
by to appear ; the successive 
steps by which apparently^ 
shapeless patches of color 
are transformed into excel- 
lent and artistic imitations 
of well-known oil paintings, 
— these and other facts to be 
learned by a visit to such an 
establishment are of great 
interest. This factory of 



WAKRF.N IIC'SK. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



9' 



Prang's is the most extensive of the kind in the country, and it is to the credit 

of Boston that the reputation of the chromos produced here is not inferior to 

that of any others. _ -=^=^-l 

Many, indeed, pre- 
fer American litho- 
graphs to those 

made in Europe, 

and when American 

chromos are men- 
tioned, it is usually 

Prang's that are 

meant. 

Dorchester was a 

delightful old tow^n 

and a charming new 

town. It retains its 

ancient character- 
istics, and some of 

the very old houses 

are still preserved. 

But its picturesque 

hills and its fine 

old woods have 

within the past few 

years made it a favorite place for the erection of elegant country residences. 

many of the es- ^> "' w^^ ^ -. 

tates vast sums ^.-=^..,^^r*s43...,.-*:^sa 

of money were 

lavished. The 
skill of the ar- 
chitect and the 
art of the land- 
scape - gardener 
were invoked to 
render these re- 
treats as mag- 
nificent as pos- 
sible. By such 
means the scen- 
ery of Dorches- 
ter has been 
made exceed- 
ingly rich and 
varied. Here 
the road passes meeting-house h.ll. 

through the midst of large and finely kept estates, surrounding handsome dwelling- 




On 







98 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



iun£<^ into ii Avildcriiess, wliere the fields are barren and rocky, and the 

forests in all their primitive wildness. 
Again we come upon a thriving 
village, and pass out of it to find 
new beauties by the sea-side. We 
give two views of Dorchester scen- 
ery, the one showing Meeting-House 
Hill, which is one of the land- 
marks in Dorchester, and the other 
Savin Hill, as seen from Dorchester 
Point, — the first belonging to the 
older part of Dorchester, the latter 
comparatively new as a place of resi- 
dence. 

The estate known as Grove Hall, 
at the junction of "Warren Street and 
Blue Hill Avenue, in Dorchester, was 
purchased for tlie Consumptives' 
j Home a year or two since, and is now 
i occupied by that and its attendant 
■ institutions. It is a very large and 
\ spacious mansion, and is surrounded 
' with ample grounds, making the situ- 
) ation a most pleasant retreat for the 
; poor, diseased people who come here 
• for treatment and cure, or for a com- 
r fortable home until they are released 
: from suti'ering by death. The system 
; on which the Consumptives' Home 
; is supported is the same as that upon 
which the famous orphan asylum of 
Mliller is maintained. The founder 
was Dr. Charles Cullis, whose atten- 
tion was drawn, in 1862, to the lack 
of provision in any existing hospital 
for persons sick with consumption, 
and incurable. He began without 
any funds, and makes it a practice 
to depend upon daily contributions 
for the daily wants of the Home. 
Dr. Cullis calls this institution "A 
Work of Faith," because he has never 
solicited any donations, but has 
prayed to God for aid in the work ; 
and he looks upon the contributions 
he receives as direct answers to his 




BOSTON ILL USTKA TED. 



99 







prayers. The receipts from casual donations, from the proceeds of a fair, and from 
the estate of the late Miss Nabby Joy, last year, exceeded the sum of fifty-five thou- 
^.. sand dollars. During the year there were one hun- 

dred and eighty-five patients cared for at the Home, 
the usual number being from thirty to fifty. Since 
the opening of the hospital there have been seven 
hundred and fifty-seven received, of whom only 
thirty-three were remaining at the close of the 
year last reported. The 
plan of the institution is 
to admit all j)oor persons 
sick with consumption, and 
without home or friends 
to relieve them, old or 
young, black or white, na- 
tive or foreign. All are, in 
the language of the Report, 
"freely received in the 
name of the Lord." 

Boston harbor is pro- 
tected by the natural 
breakwater on which 
stands the town of Hull. 
This is a very singular 
peninsula, jutting northward from the South Shore, and partially enclosing a very 
extensive tract of water. Hull has several points of interest. Nantasket Beach, 
on the side of the j)eninsula towards the sea, is one of the finest on the coast, and 
it has therefore become a favorite place of resort in the summer for thousands of 
the citizens of Boston. The summer population is largest at the lower or southern 
end of the peninsula, while the permanent population is mostly concentrated near 
the other extremity. It is the latter part of the town that is represented by our 
view. On the high hill, which overlooks the entire entrance to Boston Harbor, 
is situated the observatory, from which the arrival of vessels, their names, and 
the point whence they come are telegraphed immediately to the Merchants' Ex- 
change in the city. Hull is one of the smallest towns in Massachusetts, and there 
have been many jokes at its expense on this account. The vote of the town is 
almost always one of the first returned at a general election. From this there has 
arisen the curious saying, " As goes Hull, so goes the State," — a saying which is very 
far from true. Dr. Holme^ said in his Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table, that in 
this town they read a famous line with a mispronunciation pardonable under the 
circumstances, — 

" All are but parts of one stupendous Hull." 

The harbor of Boston is filled with islands, most of which have a history that it 
would be exceedingly interesting to recount. In the summer season there are numer- 
ous steamboats plying between the city and the many places of resort in the harbor 
and just outside of it. For almost the smallest of fees one may steam in and out 



CONSUMPTIVES HiO.lJ-' l^dl^CHESTER. 



100 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




between the several islands, and en- 
joy, on the most sultry of days, a cool 
and refreshing breeze, together with 
the most delightful and ever-changing 
scenery. Among a great many points 
of interest only a very few can be here 
mentioned, and we confine ourselves 
to the lighthouses and some of the 
fortifications. The first fort built up- 
on Castle Island was constructed in 
1634, and since that time the island 
has always been fortified. The works 
have been rebuilt a gi'eat many times. 
Castle William stood on this island 
when the Eevolutionary war broke 
out, and when the British troops were 
obliged to evacuate Boston they de- 
stroyed the fort and burned it to ashes. 
The Provincial forces then took pos- 
session of the island, and restored the 
fort. In 1798 its name was formally 
changed to Fort Independence, — the 
President, John Adams, being present 
on the occasion. In 1798 the island 
was ceded to the United States. From 
1785 until 1805 this fort was the 
place appointed for the confinement 
of prisoners sentenced to hard labor, 
provision having been made in the 
act of cession to the United States 
that this privilege should be retained. 
The present fort is of quite recent 
construction. 

Directly opposite Fort Indepen- 
dence, as one enters or leaves the in- 
ner harbor by the main ship- channel, 
is the still uncompleted fortification 
named Fort Winthrop, on Governor's 
Island. - The island was granted to 
Governor "Winthrop in 1632, and was 
subsefpiently confirmed to his heirs. 
In 1640, the conditions of his owner- 
ship having already been once previ- 
ously changed, he was granted the 
island on condition of paying one 
bushel of apples to the Governor and 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



101 



one to the General Court in winter, annually. It continued in tlie sole possession 
of the Winthrop family until 1808, when a part of it was sold to the government 




FORT INDEPENDENCE. 



for the purpose of erecting a fort, which was named Fort Wan-en, The name given 
to the work now in process of erection is Fort Winthrop, in honor of the Governor 
of Massachusetts Bay and first owner of the island, while the name of the former 
fort has been transferred to the fortification further down the harbor. When fully 
completed, Fort Winthrop is intended to be a most important defence to the harbor. 




FORT WINTHROP. 

Fort Warren is ^situated on George's Island, near the entrance to the harbor, and 
is the most famous of all the defences of the city. George's Island was claimed as 
the property of James Pemberton of Hull as early as 1622. His possession of it 
having been confirmed, it was bought, sold, and inherited by numerous owners, 
until 1825, when it became the j)roperty of the city of Boston. It is now, of course, 



102 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



under the jurisdiction of the United States government. The construction of the 

present fort was begun in April, 1833, 
and was completed in 1850. The ma- 
terial is finely hammered Quincy gran- 
ite, and the stone faces, as well as those 
parts that have been protected with 
earth and sodded over, are as neat and 
trim as art can make them. The fort 
is one of great strength, but it has 
never yet been needed to defend the 
harbor of Boston. During the Rebel- 
lion, it was used as a place of confine- 
ment for noted Confederate prisoners, 
the most famous of all being the rebel 
commissioners to Europe, Mason and 
Slidell, who were sent here for confine- 
ment after their capture on board the 
Trent by Commodore Wilkes. 

About two miles from Fort Warren, 
3 nearly due east, and at the entrance 
; of the harbor, is the Boston Light. 
; The island on which it stands has been 
\ used as a lighthouse station since 
\ 1715, when the General Court of the 
r colony passed the necessary acts. The 
: land was generously given to the col- 
\ ony by the owners of it, though as 
; there is soil on only about three quar- 
• ters of an acre, the rest of the two or 
three acres being bare, jagged rock, 
the gift entailed no great loss upon 
them. In the time of the Revolution, 
the lighthouse was the object of much 
small warfare, and was several times 
destroyed and rebuilt. In 1783 it was 
once more restored by the State, being 
built this time of stone ; and it is this 
lighthouse which still stands at the 
mouth of the harbor, though it has 
since been enlarged and refitted sev- 
eral times. The top of the lighthouse 
now stands ninety-eight feet above the 
level of the sea, and is fitted with a 
revolving light which can be seen from 
a distance of sixteen nautical miles in 
fair Aveather. 




BOSTON ILLUSTKATEl). 



103 




BOSTON LIGHT. 

Still nearer to Fort Warren, and on the direct line to Boston Light, is the Spit, or 
Bug Light. It is a cu- 
rious structure. The 
lower part is a system 
of iron pillars fixed in 
the rock, affording no 
surface for the waves 
to beat against and 
destroy. The fixed red 
light is about thirty- 
five feet above the 
level of the sea, and 
can be seen at a dis- 
tance of about seven 
miles in clear weather. 
This light was built 
in 1856. Its object is 
to warn navigators of the dangerous obstacle known as Harding's Ledge, about two 
miles out at sea, east of Point Allerton, at the head of Nantasket Beach. 

The lighthouse on Long Island was built in 1819. The tower is twenty-two feet 
in height, but the light is eighty feet above the level of the sea. The tower is of 
iron painted white ; the lantern has nine burners ; the light is fixed, and can be seen 
in a clear night about fifteen miles. The object of the light is to assist in the 
navigation of the harbor. The government is at present erecting on Long Island 
head a strong battery, which has not yet been named. There have been several 
attempts to make Long Island a place for summer residences. There has been a 




BUG LIGHT. 



104 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



hotel on the island for some years, but it has been popular only intermittently. 
There is no good reason why these charming islands should not be so occupied in 
preference to some of the more distant points on the coast, where only occasional 




LONG ISLAND LIGHT. 

cool breezes relieve the heat of summer. An admirable suggestion has been made, 
that the city purchase Long Island, or some other large island in the harbor, and 
convert it into a park, to which visitors might be carried on the payment of a fare 
no larger than is demanded for a ride in the horse-cars. 

East of Long Island head there is a low, rocky island on which stands a singularly 
shaped monument. It consists of a solid structure of stone, twelve feet in height, 
and forty feet square. All the stones in this piece of masonry are securely fastened 
together with copper. Upon it stands an octagonal pyramid of wood, twenty feet 
high, and painted black. It is supposed that this monument was erected in the 
earliest years of the present century, though the date is not known. Its purpose 
was to warn vessels of one of the most dangerous shoals in the harbor. This island 

is known as Nix's Mate, though for what reason is 
not known. There is a tradition, unsupported by 
M: facts, that the mate of a vessel of which one Cap- 
p tain Nix was master, was executed upon the island 
for killing the latter. But it was kno^vn as ' ' Nixes 
Hand," as long ago as 1636, and this would seem 
to dispose of the story. It is, however, true, that 
several murderers and pirates have been hanged 
upon the island, and one William Fly was hanged 
there in chains in 1726 for the crime of piracy, on which occasion, the Boston 
News Letter informs us. Fly " behaved himself very unbecomingly, even to the 
last." It is a part of the tradition above referred to that Nix's mate declared 
his innocence, and asserted, as a proof of it, that the island would be washed away. 
If any such prophecy was ever made, it has certainly been fulfilled. We know 
by the records that it contained in the neighborhood of twelve acres in 1636 ; 




NIX S MATE. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 105 

there is now not more than one acre of shoal, and there is not a vestige of soil 
remaining. 

Point Shirley is the southern extremity of the town of Winthrop, but it properly 
comes into any notice of Boston harbor. Its chief attraction is Taft's Hotel, noted 
for its game dinners. Indeed Point Shirley, ever since it received its present name, 
has been synonymous with good cheer. A company of merchants purchased it in 



POINT SHIRLEY. 



1753, designing to establish a fishery station. They never put the property to its 
intended use, but when they were ready to advertise the place, they invited Gover- 
nor Shirley to go down to the spot with them. He accepted, the party had a fine 
time and a fine dinner, and, by permission of his Excellency, what had before been 
known as Pulling Point was dubbed Point Shirley. The name of Pulling Point has 
since been transferred to another point of land on the same peninsula. 

We have only glanced at the harbor and a few of the numerous places of interest 
in and about it. The merest mention only can be made of some of the other points 
that are worthy of being seen, and of being illustrated and described. The islands 
in the harbor are many, and of very peculiar shapes, which fact has given some of 
them their names, — as, for instance. Spectacle, Half Moon, and Apple Islands. 
Few of them are occupied, and many are uninhabitable, but the sail among and 
around them is in the summer time a most agreeable change from the hot brick walls 
and dusty streets of the city. If we extend our view beyond the harbor along the 
north shore we shall see Revere Beach, — one of the finest on the coast, — Lynn, 
and Nahant. Both the latter places may easily be visited by steamers. Nahant is 
perhaps the chief glory of the north shore. It is a peninsula connected with the 
mainland at Lynn by a long narrow neck, upon which is a noble beach. Those who 
dwell upon the peninsula regard its comparative inaccessibility as something strongly 
in its favor. They have not allowed a hotel to be erected upon it since the destruc- 
tion by fire of one that formerly stood in the town. Nahant is a favorite resort for 
picnickers, for whom a place has been specially provided which is fantastically called 
Maolis Gardens, — Maolis being nothing more than Siloam spelled backwards. For 
the rest, Nahant is occupied by v/ealthy citizens of Boston who have erected for them- 



106 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



selves in this secluded place elegant summer residences where, in the midst of their gar- 
dens and groves and lawns, they may live as freely and as quietly as they wish. The 
sea- view is magnificent. The peninsula lies near to the entrance of Boston harbor, and 
is practically an island at some distance from the coast. All the grandeur of the sea 
in a storm, and all the beauty of the sea on a fine day when the horizon is dotted 
with the white sails of arriving and departing vessels, the dwellers at Naliant enjoy 
at their grandest and most beautiful. Beyond Nahant are Egg Kock, a small island 
still farther than Nahant from the coast ; Marblehead Neck and Point, which are 
rapidly coming into favor as summer resorts ; Swampscott, already one of the most 
fashionable of the coast watering-places ; and Cape Ann, with its succession of beau- 
tiful sea-side villages, — Beverly Farms, Manchester, Gloucester, Kockport, and 
Pigeon Cove. On the south coast we may find equally interesting and equally beau- 
tiful places. At Hingham, among other objects to be noticed, is the oldest church 
edifice in the country ; and off Cohasset is the famous Minot's Ledge Lighthouse, a 
solid stone structure that stands where a former lighthouse was destroyed by a storm 
some years ago, on one of the most dangerous and most dreaded rocks upon our 
coast. 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



107 



VII. THE SUBUEBS. 




other city in the country can boast such suburbs as Boston has. For ex- 



tent and beauty, they are unrivalled. The picturesque hills, separated 
by beautifully winding rivers, make, of themselves, an ever-varied jiicture 
of charming landscape. Art has added greatly to the beauties which 
nature has so lavishly scattered. Almost every available site for a fine country resi- 
dence has been occupied, and all that wealth could do to improve upon natural 
attractions has been done. But this is not all. Large cities and a score of flourish- 
ing towns have sprung up, where city and country are pleasantly commingled ; and 
everywhere throughout the large district of which Boston is the centre may be seen 
the evidences of industry and thrift, excellent roads, neat fences and hedges, thriv- 
ing gardens and orchards, comfortable, tastefully built, and well-painted houses. 
Nor are these towns and cities destitute of a history, which, did space permit, should 
be told at length. We can merely glance at a few of the more noticeable objects of 
interest in some of these surrounding 
places, leaving it to each citizen and 
visitor to search out the others, mth 
the assurance that one can hardly go 
astray in seeking for them, whatever 
be the direction taken. 

The first object to be noticed is 
the grand monument erected in 
Charlestown to commemorate the bat- 
tle of Bunker Hill ; but the mon- 
ument needs no description. The 
event it celebrates and the conse- 
quences of that event, the appearance 
of this imposing granite shaft, and 
the magnificent view of the entire 
surrounding country to be obtained 
from its observatory, are, or should 
be, familiar to every citizen of Ncav 
England ; and no visitor to Boston 
from more distant parts of the coun- 
try is likely to return home without 
ascending the monument as a good 
patriot. The oration delivered by 
Daniel Webster at the dedication of 
the monument on the anniversary of ^"^'^^'^ "'^^ aionument. 

the battle of Bunker Hill, the 17th of June, 1843, has been declaimed by every 
school-boy. That anniversary is still, and should long remain, a holiday, — a day 




108 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



to be celebrated in Charlestown and throughout the State and country as long as the 

Republic, which owes so much 
to that memorable contest, shall 
stand. 

No visitor to Charlestown should 
leave it until he has visited the 
United States Navy Yard, estab- 
lished by the government in the 
year 1800. The yard has since 
been very greatly enlarged, and 
extensive and costly buildings 
have been erected upon it. The 
dry dock, which was begun in 
July, 1827, and completed six 
years later, is a magnificent and 
most substantial work of granite 
masonry, 341 feet long, 80 feet 
wide, and 30 feet deep, Avhich 
i cost even in those days of low 
% prices $675,000. The granite 
" ropewalk too, the finest structure 

< of the kind in the country, and 
s a quarter of a mile in length, will 
« not fail to attract attention. Sev- 
fj eral of the largest vessels of our 

< old navy were built at this yard. 
>. Of late, while the government has 

< been reducing, rather than in- 
w creasing, its naval force, the work 
^ here has been confined chiefly to 

repairs upon old vessels, and the 
busy activity of past years is no 
longer seen. 

The United States Marine Hos- 
pital at Chelsea, which appears on 
the right in the background of our 
sketch, is a large and handsome 
structure upon the crest of a high 
hill, near the mouth of the Mystic 
River. This institution, as well 
as the Naval Hospital, at the 
foot of the same hill, was erected 
and is maintained by the general 
government for the benefit of in- 
valid sailors. The situation is 
salubrious, and the prospect from 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



109 



the Marine Hospital, overlooking as it does the harbor and two or three cities, is 
very fine. 

Passing now into Cambridge, we must first notice it as the site of the most fa- 
mous, as well as most ancient, university in the country. It was but six years after 
the settlement of Boston that the General Court appropriated four hundred pounds 
for the establishment of a school or college at Newtown, as Cambridge was then 
called. As this sum was equal to a whole year's tax of the entire colony, we may 
infer in what estimation the earliest colonists held a liberal education. Two years 
after, the institution received the liberal bequest of eight hundred pounds from 
the estate of the Rev. John Harvard, an English clergyman, who died at Charles- 
town in 1638. The General Court, in consequence of this bequest, named the 
college after its generous benefactor, and changed the name of the town where 
it was located to Cambridge, JTr. Harvard having been educated at Cambridge in 




GORE HALL, HARVARD CULLEGh. 



old England. The college was thus placed on a firm foundation, and by good 
management and the prevalence of liberal ideas, under the fostering care of the 
Colony and the State, and the almost lavish generosity of alumni and other friends, 
it has assumed and steadily maintained the leading position among the colleges of 
the country, its only rival being Yale. The college long ago became a university. 
Schools of law, medicine, dentistry, theology, science, mining, and agi-iculture, have 
been established in connection with it, each endowed with its own funds, and each 
independent of all the others, except that all are under one general management. 
The college yard contains a little more than twenty-two acres, and nearly the whole 
available space is already occupied by the numerous buildings required by an institu- 
tion of such magnitude. An important change has been made within the past few 
years in the government of the university ; the overseers, constituting the second 



110 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED 



IN 'II' I I M: 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Ill 



and more numerous branch of the university legislature, were originally the Governor 
and Dejjuty-Governor, with all the magistrates, and the ministers of the six adjoin- 
ing towns. After numerous changes, which were, however, only changes in the 
manner of selecting the clergymen who should constitute this board, the power of 
choosing the overseers was, in 1851, vested in the Legislature. All this system has 
since been abolished. The graduates of the college have been granted the privilege 
of choosing the entire board ; and every member of it, as now constituted, has been 
elected by this constituency. The advantages of thus making those who are most 
interested in the good management of the college partially responsible for its govern- 
ment were at once apparent, and other colleges have not been slow in practising 
upon so satisfactory an experiment. Another change, which has been gradually 
going on for some years, gives students a much wider range of studies than formerly. 
The number of elective studies has very greatly increased, and one is not now, 
as formerly, compelled to pursue a fixed and unalterable course, but may choose 
the branches he will pursue in accordance with his tastes and his intended business 
in life. The number of students in all branches of the university, by the latest 
catalogue, was 1214. There are nine libraries connected with the university, con- 
taining in all about 192,000 volumes, of which 128,000 are in the college library 
in Gore Hall, a view of which we give. The university is now under the able presi- 
dency of Charles W. Eliot. 

Cambridge is noted not only for being the seat of the first college in Amer- 
ica, but for having been the first jtlace in the country where a printing-press was 
setup. In 1639 
a press was 
brought over 
from England, 
and put in op- 
eration in the 
house of the 
President, who 
had the sole 
charge of it 
for many years. 
The first thing 
printed upon it 
was the Free- 
man's Oath, fol- 
lowed by an 
Almanack for 
New England, 
and the Psalms 
** newly turned 

into meter." A fragment of the last-named work is preserved in the college library, 
and copies of it may still be seen in sofne antiquarian libraries, Cambridge has at 
the present day some of the largest and most completely furnished printing-ofiices in 
America, conspicuous among which is the University Press of "Welch, Bigelow, & Co. 




THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE. 



112 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Their office is one of the most celebrated in the country for the qiiahty and 
accuracy of its work. Many of the hundreds of thousands of hooks pubUshed 
annuaUy in Boston, and not a few of those issued by publishers in New York, 
including illustrated books requiring the finest workmanship and the greatest care, 
are printed and bound at this establishment. 

Kot very far from the college grounds stands one of the few famous trees of the 
country, -the Washington Elm, - the only survivor of the ancient forest that ongi- 
*' ' nally covered all this 

part of Cambridge. 
It was under this 
tree that General 
Washington took 
command of the Con- 
tinental army on the 
morning of the 3d of 
July, 1775. A neat 
fence surrounds this 
giant of the ancient 
forest, and an in- 
scription commemo- 
rates the important 
event which was the 
most interesting in 
its centuries of ex- 
istence. 

At a short dis- 
tance from this fa- 
mous elm, on the 
road to Watertown, 
near Brattle Street, 
stands the house 
used by the pa- 
triot general 
as his head- 
quarters. It 
was previously 
the residence 
of ColonelJohn 
Vassal, a royal- 
ist or Tory, but 
was used by 
General Wash- 
ington on its 
abandonment 
by the owner ; 
and here con- 
tinued to be 

RESIDENCE OF H. W. LONGFELLOW. 




THE WASHINGTON ELM, CAMBRIDGE. 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



113 



the head-quarters of the American army, for the greater part of the time, until the 
evacuation of Boston by the British in the spring of 1776. The house stands in a 
large and beautiful lot of ground, a little distance from the street, in the midst of 
tall trees and shrubbery, and though in a style of architecture different from that no\< 
generally employed, it is still an elegant residence in external appearance, while the 
rich and costly finish 
of the interior has been 
preserved by its suc- 
cessive owners. The 
present possessor and 
occupant of this noble 
estate is the poet, 
Henry "Wadsworth 
Longfellow, and sure- 
ly there is more than 
poetic fitness in such 
an occupation of a 
house around which 
cling so many histori- 
cal associations. 

Mount Auburn Cem- 
etery is situated partly 
in Cambridge and 
partly in Watertown. 
The land was origi- 
nally purchased and improved by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society for an 
experimental gar- 
den. It subsequently 
passed into the hands 
of the trustees of 
Mount Auburn Cem- 
etery, and was con- 
secrated in the year 
1831. It is now one 
of the most extensive 
cities of the dead 
used by the people of 
Boston, being in ex- 
tent about one hun- 
dred and twenty-five 
acres. The surface is 
remarkably diversi- 
fied, giving unusual 
opportunities to the 
landscape - gardener 
to improve the nat- chapel, mount auburn. 




ENTRANCE TO MOUNT AUBURN. 




114 



BOSTON Illustrated. 



There are several sheets of water, 



and high hills and 



ural beauty of the scenery 
deep vales in abundance. Trees in great variety have been transplanted into this 
enclosure, adding greatly to its beauty. Upon the summit of the highest hill, 
Mount Auburn proper, a stone tower has been erected, from which a very fine view 
of all the surrounding country can be obtained. Many elegant and costly mon- 
uments adorn the grounds in every part. Some of these have been erected and the 
expense defrayed by public subscription, but many more by the surviving friends of 
the thousands who here sleep the last sleep. The granite entrance-gate was designed 
from an Egyptian model, and was erected at a cost of about ten thousand dollars. 
The very beautiful chapel was built in 1848, at an expense of twenty-five thousand 
dollars. It is used for funeral services at the cemetery. There are around the walls, 
within, several excellent statues and memorials, one of which, a statue of James 
Otis, by Crawford, is particularly to be admired. 

The history of the Boston Waterworks is exceedingly interesting. The original 
introduction of water is described on page 28. The growth of the city has been 

so wonderful that what 
was originally calcu- 
lated to be a sufficient 
supply of water for 
half a century was, in 
a few years, found to 
be inadequate. Again 
and again have meas- 
ures been taken to 
make good the defi- 
ciency, but it is only 
within the present 
year (1872) that a 
comprehensive scheme 
has been entered upon, 
which, Avhen com- 
pleted, <vill, it is be- 
lieved, avert for an 
indefinite period all 
fears of a water fam- 
ine. One of the works which formed a part of the original system is the Brook - 
line Reservoir. This was a natural basin, protected on all sides except on the north. 
A puddled embankment was constructed on this side, and the interior of the entire 
basin protected from washing by a sloping wall, and the reservoir proper was complete. 
The reservoir marks the terminus of the brick conduit leading from Lake Cochituate. 
From the reservoir to the city the water is conducted by iron mains. There are two 
gate-houses, one at either end of the reservoir. The whole surface of water, when 
the reservoir is full, covers about twenty-three acres, and its capacity to a point two 
feet below the top of the dam is nearly one hundred and twenty million gallons. 

The necessity for building a new reservoir, for the purpose of storing the water that 
usually ran to waste over the dam^at Lake Cocliituate during and after the spring 




ENTRANCE TO THE RESERVOIR GROUNDS. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



115 




116 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




GATE HOUSE, CHESTNUT HILL. 

ral basin. It is five miles from the 
Boston City Hall, and one mile from 
the Brookline Reservoir. It lies in 
the towns of Newton and Brook- 
line, near Chestnut Hill, from which 
it derives its name. It is, in fact, a 
double reservoir, being divided by a 
water-tight dam into two basins of 
irregular shape. The surface of wa- 
ter in both is about one hundred 
and twenty-five acres, and when 
filled to their fullest capacity the 
two basins will hold nearly eight - 
hundred million gallons, or a suffi- 
cient supply for the entire city for 
several weeks. As we have said, even 



and fall freshets, was urged by 
the Water Board in 18G3, but 
nothingwas then done about it. 
The next year the City Council 
began to move in the matter. 
In 1865 the Legislature gave the 
necessarj^ authority to the city. 
Purchases of land were imme- 
diately made, and the work be- 
gun. More than two hundred 
acres of land, costing about 
$120,000, were deeded to the 
city before the reservoir was 
finished. Like the Brookline 
Reservoir, it constituted a natu- 




THE DRIVE, ON THE MARGIN OF THE SMALL RESERVOIR. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



117 



this addition to the works has been found inadequate, and during the present year 
(1872) authority has been given to the 
city to take water from the Sudbury 
River. It is intended to procure a tem- 
porary supply by connecting the river 
with Lake Cochituate, and subsequent- 
ly to bring the water to the reservoirs 
by independent mains. 

The Chestnut Hill Reservoir is not 
only a great benefit to the city in its 
practical uses, it is also a great pleasui'e 
resort. A magnificent driveway, va- 
rying from sixty to eighty feet in 
Avidth, surrounds the entire work, and 
is one of the greatest attractions of the 
suburbs of Boston. It is, in fact, the 
most popular drive in the vicinity. In 
some parts the road runs along close 
to the embankment, separated from it 
only by the beautiful gravelled walk 
with the sodding on either side. 
Elesewhere it leaves the embankment 
and rises to a higher level at a little 
distance, from Avhich an uninterrupted 
view of the entii'e reservoir can be had. 
The scenery in the neighborhood is so 
varied that it would of itself make this 
region a delightful one for pleasure 
driving, without the added attractions 
of the charming sheet of water, the 
graceful curvatures of the road, and 
the neat, trim appearance of the green- 
sward that lines it throughout its en- 
tire length. 

Before the introduction of water from 
Lake Cochituate the city was dependent 
upon wells and springs, and upon Ja- 
maica Pond, in the town of West Rox- 
bury. A company was incorporated 
in 1795 to bring water into Boston 
from that source, and its powers were 
enlarged by subsequent acts. It was 
for a long time a bad investment for 
the shareholders. Afterwards the com- 
pany had a greater degree of prosperity, 
and at one time it supplied at least 




118 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



fifteen hundred houses in Boston. 




The water was conveyed through the streets by 
four main pipes, consisting of pine 
logs. Two of these were of four 
inches, and two of three inches bore. 
The water thus brought into the city 
was conveyed nearly as far north as 
State Street. In 1840 an iron main, 
ten inches in diameter, was laid 
through the whole length of Tremont 
Street to Bowdoin Square. The com- 
pany was ready to increase the supply 
very largely, but the prospective 
wants of the city were far beyond the 
capacity of Jamaica Pond to supply, 
and the Lake Cochituate enterprise 
not only prevented the aqueduct com- 
pany from enlarging its operations, 
but rendered all its outlay in Boston 
useless and valueless. The city, how- 
ever, made compensation by purchas- 
j ing the franchise and jtroperty for the 
\ sum of 1 45,000, in 1851. The prop- 
'■> erty, minus the franchise, Avhicli the 
\ city of course wished to extinguish, 
\ was sold in 1856 for $32, 000. At this 
' time the pipes were disconnected at 
\ the Roxbury line, but those in Boston 
\ were never taken up. At present the 
" chief practical use of Jamaica Pond is 
to furnish in winter a great quantity 
of ice, which is cut and stored in the 
large houses on its banks for consump- 
tion in the warm weather. It is a 
great resort for young and some older 
people in the winter for skating. 
Beautiful residences line its banks, 
and tlie drive around it is one of the 
most beautiful of the many which 
make the suburbs of Boston so at- 
tractive to its own citizens and to 
strangers. In summer there is much 
pleasure sailing and rowing on the 
pond, and in past years there have 
been several interesting regattas up- 
on it. 

Forest Hills Cemetery, also jn the 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



119 




ENTRANCE TO FOREST HILLS. 



town of West Roxbury, was originally established by the city of Roxbury, of which 
the town at the time formed a part. It was subsequently conveyed to the predeces- 
sors of the present 
proprietors. It is a 
little larger in ter- 
ritory than Mount 
Auburn, but it is 
by no means so 
crowded as the 
older cemetery. It 
contains a great 
number of interest- 
ing memorials of 
persons, some of 
them eminent in 
the history of State 
and nation, who 
have gone. The 
burial-lot of the 
Warren family is 
on the summit of 
Mount Warren. 
The remains of 

General Joseph Warren, who fell at Bunker Hill, have been taken from the Old 
Granary Burying-ground in Boston, and reinterred in this cemetery. Within two 
or three years the finest receiving-tomb in any cemetery in the country has been 
built at Forest Hills. The portico is nearly thirty feet square, and is built in the 
Gothic style of architecture in Concord granite. Its appearance is massive, without 
being cumbersome. Within there are two hundred and eighty-six catacombs, each 
for a single coffin, which are closely sealed up after an interment. The entrance 
gateway to Forest Hills Cemetery is a very elegant, costly, and imposing structure 
of Roxbury stone and Caledonia freestone. The inscription upon the face of the 
outer gateway is, — 

** I AM THE RESURRECTION AND THE LIFE," 

in golden letters. On the inner face is in similar letters the inscription, — 
"he that keepeth thee will not slumber." 

The grounds of the cemetery, like those of Mount Auburn, are exceedingly 
picturesque, the variety of hill and dale, greensward, thickets of trees, pleasant 
sheets of water, and rocky eminences, making the place an exceedingly attractive 
spot to wander and read the story of lives that are spent. And the hand of art 
has added much to the natural beauty of the place. 

It is by no means to be understood that in our glance at the suburbs we have 
exhausted the subject. There are a great many other points that should be visited. 
The magnificent beach in Revere is of itself a sight well worth the time spent in 



120 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



driving thither. A short visit should be made to Lynn, the head-quarters of the 
shoe manufacture, and another to the extensive factories of Lowell and Lawrence. 
In the church at Quincy are the tombs of the two Presidents Adams. Brookline, 
Newton, Belmont, and Arlington are most beautiful towns, and in all the environs 
are charming drives through the pleasantest of districts. At Watertown is the 
great United States Arsenal ; the battle -gi-ounds of Concord and Lexington are 
within easy reach by railroad ; and, in fact, no route can be taken out of the city 
that does not lead to some point where the stranger will find much that is both 
pleasing and interesting. 

The original design of this book has now been accomplished. We have men- 
tioned, illustrated, and described the principal objects of interest in Boston and its 
vicinity ; at the same time we have purposely avoided giving a guide-book character 
to "Boston Illustrated." The intention has been to describe permanent objects of 
interest only. But in a supplement which accompanies and forms a part of this book 
will be found all the information necessary for a stranger in Boston. This supple- 
ment is not only a guide-book, but a condensed directory of the city, and it contains 
an account of the World's Peace Jubilee and International Musical Festival of 1872, 
and a description of the Coliseum in which it is to be held. 







Cambridge : Electrotyped and Printed by Welch, Blgelow, & Co. 



INDEX TO TEXT. 



Advertiser, Boston Daily, 20. 
Albany Railroad Station, 90. 
American House, 17. 
Ancient and Honorable Artillery, 26. 
Andrew, Statue of John A., 24. 
Area of Boston, 10. 
Arlington Street Church, 38. 
Athenaeum, Boston, 43. 

Back Bay Improvement, 36. 

Baptist Church, First, 39. 

Beacon Hill, 23. 

Beethoven, Statue of, 62. 

Blackstone, William, 1. 

Blind Asylum, 92. 

Board of Trade, 71. 

Boat-Club, Union, 46. 

Boston Athenaeum, 43. 

Boston and Albany Railroad Station, 90. 

Boston College, 85. 

Boston, Early History of, 1. 

Boston Light, 102. 

Boston Museum, 63. 

Boston Society of Natural History, 44. 

Boston Theatre, 64. 

Boston, why named, 1. 

Boylston, Hotel, 83. 

Brattle Square Church, 19. 

Brewer Fountain, 28. 

Brookline Reservoir, 114. 

Bug Light, 103. 

Bunker Hill Monument, 107. 

Bury ing-G rounds. See each Ground. 

Business Quarter, 51. 

Cathedral of the Holy Cross, 84. 
Census of Boston, 2,8. 
Central Church, 40. 

" Club, 89. 
Changes of Topography, 3. 
Charitable Mechanics' Association, 70. 
Chester Square, 79. 
Chestnut Hill Reservoir, 116. 
Christ Church, 20. 
Church, Early Buildings, 4. 
Churches. See each Church. 
City Government inaugurated, 8. 

" Hall, 52. 

" Hospital, 87. 
Club-Houses. See each Club, 
Cochituate Water- Works, 28, 95,96, 114 
Codfish, 24. 
Columbus Avenue, 81. 
Commerce of Boston, 3. 
Commercial Street, 11. 
Conunon, History of, 25. 

" Boundaries of, 27. 
Commonwealth Avenue, 37. 

Hotel, 82. 
Consumptives' Home, 98. 
Continental Hotel, 82. 
Copp's Hill Burying-G round, 16. 
CornhiU, 11. 



Court House, United States, 67. 
Custom House, 54, 55. 

Daily Advertiser, 20. 
Dorchester annexed, 92. 
Heights, 6, 7. 
" Neck, 10. 

East Boston, 10, 93, 94. 

Eastern Railroad Station, 14. 

Eliot Square, 95. 

Embargo, 7. 

Everett, Edward, Statue of, 32. 

Every Saturday, 74. 

Faneuil Hall, History of, 11. 

" " Market, 12. 
First Baptist Church, 39. 

" Church, 4, 38. 
Fitchburg Railroad Station, 14. 
Flats, Reclamation of, 3. 
Forest Hills Cemetery, 119. 
Fort Hill, 52. 

" Independence, 100. 

" Warren, 101. 

" Winthrop,100. 
Fountain, Brewer, 28. 
Franklin , Benjamin , Birthplace of, 4. 

" Street, 52. 
French Hotels, 82. 
Frog Pond, 25, 28. 

Garden, Public, 30. 

" Bridge, 31, 32. 
" " Pond on, 31, 32. 

General Hospital, Massachusetts, 13. 
Girls' High and Normal School, 81. 
Globe, Boston Daily, 67. 

" Theatre, 65. 
Gore Hall, 109, 111. 
Granary Burying-Ground, 33. 
Grand Junction Wharves, 93, 94. 

Hall, City 52. 

" Horticultural, 71. 

" Music, 62. 

" Odd Fellows', 87, 88. 
Hamilton, Alexander, Statue of, 37. 
Hancock House, 35. 
Hancock, Tomb of, 34. 
Harvard College, 4, 109. 
Herald, Daily, 70. 
High School, Girls', 81. 
Holy Cross, Cathedral of the, 84. 
Horticultural Hall, 71. 
Hospital, City, 87 

" Massachusetts General, 13. 
Hotels. See each Hotel. 
Hull, 99. 

Independence, Fort, 100. 
Institute of Technology, 44. 

Jamaica Pond, 117, 118. 
Jordan, Marsh, & Co., 73. 



122 



WD EX TO TEXT. 



Journal, Boston Daily, 69. 
Julien, the Restaurateur, 28. 

King's Chapel, 59. 

" " Burying-Ground, 60. 

Knowles, Commodore, Riot, 5. 

Land, Back Bay, filled, 36. 
Library, Public, 41. 
Lighthouse, Bo.ston, 102. 

" Bug, 103. 

" Long Island, 104. 

Longfellow, H. W., House of, 112. 
Long Island Light, 104. 
Lowell Railroad Station, 15, 

Maine Railroad Station, 15- 
Malcom, Captain Daniel, 17. 
Mall, Paddock's, 34. 
Malls on the Common, 29. 
Mann, Horace, Statue of, 24. 
Marine Hospital, 108. 
Market, FaneuU Hall, 12. 

" Washington, 87, 88. 
Mason & Hamlin organs, 72. 
Masonic Temple, 66. 
Massachusetts General Hospital, 13. 
Massacre, Boston, 5. 

" GraTes of Victims, 34. 
Mather, Tomb of, 17. 
Mayor, First, 8. 
McEiCan Asylum, 13. 
Meeting-house Hill, 97. 
Men in the Rebellion, 8. 
Minot's Ledge, 106. 
Moniuuent, Bunker Hill 107. 

" Ether, 32. 

" Soldiers', 29. 

Mount Auburn, Chapel, 113. 

" " Entrance, 113. 

Museum, Boston, 63. 
Music Hall, 62. 

Nahant, 105. 

Natural History, Boston Society of, 44. 

NaTy Yard, Charlestown, 108. 

Neal, Daniel, Account of Boston, 3. 

News Letter, Boston, 4. 

Nix's Mate, 104. 

Noddle's Island, 10. 

North American Review, 74. 

North End, 11. 

Odd Fellows' Hall, 87, 88. 

Office, Post, New, 55. 

Old Colony and Newport Railroad Station, 90, 91. 

" Corner Bookstore, 73, 74. 

" Elm, 27. 

" South Church, 58. 

" State House, 5. 
Organ in Music Hall, 62. 
Osgood, J. R., & Co., 74. 

Paddock's Mall, 34. 

Paddy, WiUiam, Epitaph on, 60. 

Park Street Church, 40. 

Parker House, 76, 77. 

Perkins Institution for the Blind, 92. 

Point Shirley, 105. 

Pond in Public Garden, 31, 32. 

Population of Boston, 2, 8. 

Portraits in Faneuil Hall, 12. 

Post, Boston Daily, 66, 67. 

" Office, New, 55. 
Prangs Building, 96, 97. • 



Printing Office, Rand, Avery, & Co., 21, 22. 

" " University, 111. 
Property owned in Boston, 8. 
Providence Railroad Station, 47, 48. 
Public Garden, 30. 
" Library, 41. 
Putnam, Dr. George, Church, 95. 

Quincy Market, 12. 

RaUroads. See each Railroad. 
Rand, Avery, & Co., 21, 22. 
Rebellion, Boston in the, 7. 
Reclamation of Flats, 3. 
Reservoir, Brookline, 114. 

" Chestnut Hill, 116. 

Revere, Paul, 18. 

" House, 18. 
Revolution, 5. 
Ropewalks, 30. 
Roxbury annexed, 10, 92. 

St. James Hotel, 83. 

St. Paul's Church, 58. 

Savin Hill, 98. 

School, Girls' High, 81. 

Shawmutt, 1. 

Soldiers' Monument, 29. 

Somerset Club, 46. 

' ' Street Baptist Church , 40. 
South Boston annexed, 10. 
Spy, Massachusetts, 5. 
Stamp Act, 5. 
Stand-Pipe, 95, 96. 
State House, 24. 

" Old, 5. 
State Street, 50. 

" Block, 77, 78. 
Statues. See each Statue. 

Tea, Destruction of, 5. 
Technology, Institute of, 44. 
Temple, Tremont, 61. 
Theatre, Boston, 64. 

" Globe, 65 

" Museum, 63. 
Ticknor House, 35. 
Town Government, 8. 
Transcript, Daily, 68. 
Traveller, Daily, 69. 
Tremont House, 49. 

" Street Methodist Church, 86. 

" Temple, 61. 
Trimountaine, 1. 

Union Boat-Club , 46. 

" Club, 45. 
University Press, 111. 

Valuation of Boston, 8. 

Ward, Edward, Account of Boston, 3. 
Warren, Fort, 101. 
House, 96. 
Washington Elm, 112. 

" Market, 87, 88. 

" Statue, 32, 33. 

Water- Works, Cochituate, 28. 95, 96, 114. 
Webster, Daniel, Statue of, 24. 
Welch, Bigelow, & Co., 111. 
West End, 23. 
Wilson, Rev. John, 4. 
"Winthrop, Fort, 100. 
Tomb, 61. 
Witches executed, 26. 



CONTENTS. 



Page 
I. Boston : A Glance at its His- 
tory 1 

II. The North End 11 

III. The West End 23 



Page 
IV. The Central District . . 51 

V. The South End 79 

VI. New Boston AND the Harbor 92 
VII. The Suburbs ...... 107 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Mr. Blackstone's House 
Map of Boston for 1722 . 
First Church in Boston 
Birthplace of Benjamin Franklin . 

The Old State House 

Old House in Dock Square 
View of Dorchester Heights 
Boston and its Suburbs in 1872 
Faneuil Hall and Quincy Market 
The Massachusetts General Hospital 
Eastern and Fitchburg Railroad Stations . 
Boston and Lowell Railroad Station 

Haymarket Square 

Copp's Hill Burying-Ground 

American House 

Revere House 

Brattle Square Church .... 
Christ Church, Salem Street . 
Boston Daily Advertiser .... 
View at the head of Washington Street 

The Andrew Statue 

The Frog Pond 

The Old Elm, Boston Common . 

The Brewer Fountain .... 

Beacon Street Mall 

The PubUc Garden, from Arlington Street 
The Pond, PubUc Garden .... 
The Bridge, Public Garden . 

The Everett Statue 

The Washington Statue 

Entrance to the Granary Burying-Ground 

The Old Hancock House 

Mr. Prescott's Residence, Beacon Street . 

Commonwealth Avenue . . . 

First Church, Berkeley Street . 

Arlington Street Church 

Somerset Street, with Church . 

Park Street Church .... 

Central Church , Berkeley Street 

Boston Public Library .... 

Boston Athenaeum .... 

Society of Natural History and Institute 

Technology 

View of Park Street ... 
Beacon Street. — The Somerset Club 
Union Boat-Club, Charles River 
Providence Railroad Station . 

Tremont House 

View at the head of State Street . 

View of Franklin Street 

City Hall 

Custom House . 

The New Post-Ofiice 

St. Paul's Church and the U. 

Old South Church . 

King's Chapel . 

Tremont Temple . 

The Organ in Music Hall . 

Boston Museum 

Boston Theatre . 

Globe Theatre 

Masonic Temple 

Boston Post . 

View in Washington Street : Globe Office 



S. Court House 



. 1 
2 

. 4 

4 

. 5 

6 

. 7 

9 

. 12 

13 
. 14 

15 
. 16 

16 
. 17 

18 
. 19 

20 
. 21 

22 
. 25 

26 
. 27 

28 
. 29 

30 
. 31 

31 
. 32 

33 
. 34 

35 
. 36 

37 
. 38 

39 
. 40 

41 
. 41 

42 
. 43 
of 

44 
. 45 

46 
. 47 

48 
. 49 

50 
. 52 

53 

54 

56 
. 57 

58 
. 59 

61 
. 62 

63 
. 64 

65 
. 66 

66 
. 67 



View in Washington Street : Transcript Office 68 
View in Washington Street : Journal Office . 69 

The Boston Herald 70 

Mechanics' Building 71 

Horticultural Hall and Studio Building . 71 
View in Tremont Street : Mason & Hamlin's . 72 
Jordan, Marsh, & Co.'s Building . . 73 
Old Corner Bookstore . . . . .74 
James R. Osgood & Co.'s Building . . 74 
Macullar, Williams, and Parker's Building . 75 
Mercantile Savings Institution ... 76 

The Parker House 77 

State Street Block 78 

View in Chester Square 79 

View of Boston from Tremont Street near 

Chester Park 80 

Girls' High and Normal School ... 81 
Washington Street, with Continental Hotel . 82 

Hotel Boylston 83 

St. James Hotel 84 

Cathedral of the Holy Cross ... 84 
Church of the Immaculate Conception and 

Boston College 85 

Methodist Church, Tremont Street . . 86 

City Hospital 87 

Washington Market 88 

Odd Fellows' Building 88 

Central Club 89 

Boston and Albany Railroad . ... 90 
Old Colony Railroad Station ... 91 
Perkins Institution for the Blind . . .93 
Grand Junction Wharves, East Boston . 94 
First Church in Roxbury and the Norfolk House 95 
Stand-Pipe of Cochituate Water- Works . . 96 

Warren House 96 

L. Prang & Co.'s Art PubHshing House . . 97 

Meeting-House Hill 97 

Savin Hill , from Old Colony Railroad . . 98 
Consumptives' Home, Dorchester . . 99 

View of Hull 100 

Fort Independence 101 

FortWinthrop 101 

Fort Warren, Boston Harbor . . . 102 

Boston Light 103 

Bug Light 103 

Long Island Light 104 

Nix's Mate 104 

Point Shirley 105 

Bunker Hill Monument .... 107 
The Navy Yard, from East Boston . . .108 
Gore Hall, Harvard College ... . 109 
View of Harvard College : The Quadrangle . 110 
The University Press, Cambridge^ . . Ill 
The Washington Elm, Cambridge . . . 112 
Residence of H. W. Longfellow . . . 112 
Entrance to Mount Auburn .... 113 
Chapel, Mount Auburn .... 113 
Entrance to the Chestnut Hill Reservoir . 114 

The Drive, showing the Large Reservoir . 115 
Gate-House, Chestnut Hill .... 116 
The Drive, on the Margin of the Small Reservoir 116 
Jamaica Pond , North View .... 117 
Jamaica Pond, South Side .... 118 
Entrance to Forest Hills .... 119 



ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



Below is an index to the Business Announcements made in " Boston Illustrated " by some of the 
oldest and most reliable houses, including the leading hotels, newspapers, etc. 

Page 

ADVERTISER, BOSTON DAILY Ud 

AMERICAN HOUSE 25 

BAKER (WALTER) & CO. (Chocolates) 17 

BEAL & HOOPER (Furniture) 9 

BOSTON BELTING CO 15 

BOSTON CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC 18 

BOSTON MUSEUM 36 

BOSTON THEATRE 21 

BRADFORD & ANTHONY (Cutlery, Fishing Tackle, &c.) 4 

BROOKLYN LIFE INSURANCE CO 40 

CALDER & OTIS (Florists) 8 

CAMPBELL, JAMES (Bookseller) 14 

CHILSON, GARDNER (Furnaces, Ranges, &c.) .... ^ ... 44 

CHIPMAN (GEO. W.) & CO. (Carpets) 12 

CLARKE (H. M.) & CO. (Paper Dealers) 14 

COMMERCIAL BULLETIN, BOSTON 19 

DITSON (0.) & CO. (Music) 31 

DOMESTIC SEWING MACHINE CO. - 31 

GLOBE, BOSTON DAILY 37 

GLOBE THEATRE 35 

GOLDTHWAIT, SNOW, & KNIGHT (Carpets) . 2 

HALFORD SAUCE CO 4th page cover 

HALL, H. K. W. (Paper Dealer) 12 

HALLETT, DAVIS, & CO. (Pianos) 32 

HEWINS & HOLLIS (Men's Furnishings) 6 

JORDAN, MARSH, & CO. (Dry Goods) 10 

KELLEY & EDMANDS (Fancy Goods) . . . 7 

KILBURN, S. S. (Engraver) .... 32 

MACULLAR, WILLIAMS, & PARKER (Clothiers) 11 

MASON & HAMLIN ORGAN CO Sd page cover 

MERCANTILE SAVINGS INSTITUTION . 24 

MERRIAM, G. & C. (Publishers) 4 

NATIONAL WATCH CO 38 

NOVELLO, EWER, & CO. (Music) 1 

NURSERY, THE 19 

OSGOOD (J. R.) & CO. (Publishers) 42 

OUR YOUNG FOLKS 34 

PALMER, BACHELDERS, & CO. (Jewelers) 7 

PARKER HOUSE ...... 28 

PIERCE, S. S. (Groceries) . . . . ' 15 

PLIMPTON, J. W. (Millinery Goods) 7 

PRANG (L.) & CO. (Chromos) 22 

RAND, AVERY, & CO. (Printers) . . . •• 20 

REVERE HOUSE ... 26 

RICE, KENDALL, & CO. (Paper Dealers) . 36 

RUSSELL (G. T>A & CO. (Music) 1 

RUSSELL & RICHARDSON (Engravers) . . , 32 

SEARS, W. B. (Insurance Agent) ....*. 43 

SMITH AMERICAN ORGAN CO 2d page cover 

STEDMAN (D. B.) & CO. (Crockery and Glassware) 16 

TARRANT & CO. (Druggists) 41 

THOMPSON, BIGELOW, & BROWN (Publishers) 4 

TRANSCRIPT, BOSTON DAILY EVENING 30 

TRAVELLER, BOSTON DAILY EVENING 33 

TRAVELERS INSURANCE CO 31 

TREMONT HOUSE 27 

WARREN (S. D.) & CO. (Paper Dealers) 34 

WEED SEWING MACHINE CO 5 

WELCH, BIGELOW, & CO. (University Press) 23 

WHITE'S SPECIALTY FOR DYSPEPSIA 39 

WILLCOX & GIBBS SEWING MACHINE CO 3 

WILLIAMS (A.) & CO. (Booksellers) 13 

WOODS, BENJ. O. (Novelty Printing Press) 31 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



NOVELLO'S 

CHEAP MUSIC 

FOR THE USE OF 

Choral Societies. 



MESSRS. NOVELLO, EWER, & CO. would call special atten- 
tion to their large and varied stock of publications suitable for the use of Choral Societies, 
Glee Clubs, &c. 
To small or newly formed societies N., E., & Co. would strongly recommend 

THE « MUSICAL TIMES," 

which is published monthly, and now includes upwards of 350 different pieces, both sacred and secular, 
all of them comparatively easy. Price of single numbers, 6 cents. 

NOVELLO'S PART-SONG" BOOK 

is a companion work to the above, consisting of part-songs written by the most popular composers of fie 
day, amongst whom may be mentioned : BARNBY, SUL.tlVAN, SMART, ]LESr,IE, 
HATTON, MACFARREN, &c. The price of these part-songs varies from 6 cents to 10 cents. 
MESSRS. NOVELLO, EWER, & CO. would next call attention to their unequalled editions of 

ORATORIOS AND MASSES. 

AMONGST THESE WILL BE FOUND ALL THE WORKS OF THE GREAT MASTERS, 
besides manv modern works which have attained great popularity, published in the best and cheapest 
possible manner : such works as the MESSIAH, CREATION, ISRAEL, IN EGYPT, AND 

JUDAS MACCABEUS being sold at the unprecedentcdly low price of 50 cents. All these 
works are printed in every variety of form: such as full scores, orchestral parts, vocal parts; in fact in 
every shape in which they can possibly be needed by Choral Societies. 

All the choruses in these works may be had separately ; price, from 5c. each. 

Among the shorter works attention is specially requested to Novello's Editions of 

MENDELSSOHN'S PSALMS, 

all of which are published in complete vocal score with Piano-forte accompaniment. Price, 40 cents each. 
MESSRS. NOVELiIiO, EWER, & CO. have also lately issued several modern Cantatas, of 
which the following are specially recommended to Choral Societies : — 

Barnby's "Rebekah," Gade's "Spring's Message" and "Erl- 

King's Daughter," Dr. Killer's " Nala and Damayanti," 

and Macfarren's "May-Day." 

These works are all printed in the same complete manner as the larger Works, Oratorios, &c. 

It is impossible in this space to enumerate ail the works jiiiblished by N., E., & Co. which would be 
found useful to Choral Socictie?, the plain fact being that everything necessary to their instruction and 
practice may be found in Novello, Ewer, & Co.'s cataloaues. 



A§K FOR ]^OVEIiLO'l§ EDSTIOiVS. 



%W^ Cunducfors ((ml Secretaries of Choral Sodeties are requested to send for Cat((Ioc/ues 
and Lists <jf Norello's hjJitions to 

G. D. RUSSELL & CO., . 126 Tremont Street, . . BOSTON. 

OK 

NOVELLO, EWER, & CO., . . 751 Broadway, . . NEW YORK. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



Visit to Boston is not coiiiX3lete 
-antil yo\x liave called at tlie 



i ALA 



43 k 45 Washington Street. 



Passenger and Freight Elevators to each of the six large halls. 
Ladies' and Gentlemen's Dressing, Writing, and Waiting Eooms. 

THE LARGEST STOCK OF 

CARPETS, 

ALL QUALITIES, TO BE FOUND IN THE COUNTRY, 

AT THE VERY LOWEST PRICES. 

Courteous clerks in waiting to show our store, whether parties wish to 
purchase Carpgts or not. 



OOLDTHWAIT, SNOW, & KNIGHT, 

Nos. 43 & 45 Washington St., 



BOSTON. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 




1200 D0TJBLE-THREA3) MACHINES WEP.E TAKEN IN EXCHANGE FOR OUR 
LITTLE GEM" FROM JANUARY 1st TO APRIL 1st, 1872. 
Please call and see our NEW STYLE Treadle witli Pliiladelphia Top. 



WILLCOX & GIBBS S. M. CO., 

142 Tremoiit Street, cor. Temple Place. 

E. W. NEFF, Manager. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



176 



WASHINGTON STREET. 



IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 



178 

Y 



FffltyHai'te, FISHING TACKLE, ij Ms. 

Offer a large and well assoited stock of GEO. WOSTENHOLM & SON'S, JOSEPH RODGERS & 
SONS', JON. CKOOKE'S & SON'S, WADE & BUTCHER'S, and otlier makers' 



O U J. 



IN ALL ITS BRANCHES, 



JOHN RUSSELL MFG. CO.'S AND OTHERS 

AMERICAN TABLE CUTLERY. 



SHEAilS AND SCISSORS. 



HEINISCH'S and other 
American 

ROGERS BROTHERS' SILVER-PLATED FORKS AND SPOONS. 

ENGLISH, GERMAN, FRENCH, 
AND AMERICAN 

We have increased our facilities for manufacturing Fisliing-Kods, Artificial Flies, Water- 
proofed Lines, and with our connections abroad can supply all Foreign Fishing Tackle to the 
best advantage. 
Our assortment of SKATES AND SKATK-STRAPS is unrivalled. 

We invite all buyers of these lines of goods to examine our stock and satisfy themselves of our ability 
to serve them to their advantage. BRADFORD & ANTHONY, 
176 & 178 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON. 




€}ET TllW. eE§T, 



ster' 



iciioiiarf. 



10,000 li'ords and JMcanin^s not in other Dicticviaries. 



3000 Engravings. 1S40 Pages Quarto. Price $ 12. 



A National Standard. The authority in 
the Government Printing Office at Washington. 

m^^ Warmly recommended by Bancroft, Pres- 
cott, Motley, Geo» P. Marsh, Halleck, Whittier. 
Willis, Saxe, Elihu Burritt, Daniel Webster, Rufus 
Choate, and the best American and European 
scholar?. ^ 

PUBLISHED BY 

G. & C. MEimiAM, 

Springfield, Mass. 

Sold by all Booksellers. 



THE 



FRIEND, 



By MRS. CORNELIUS, 

12mo, Price, $ 1.50 ; . . . Interleaved, %2.2b ; 

REVISED AND ENLARGED, 

ti-eats of all the various duties of the Household, 
and contains counsels and suggestions to Young 
Housekeepers of great value. It is an al'ivays 
reliable COOK-BOOK; all the receipts are 
practical, and have been tested by experienced 
housekeepers. Great pains have been taken in the 
preparation of this work by the author, who has 
made the subjects of which it treats a faithful 
study. 

No book on tlie subject has attained 
so wide and deserved popularity. The 
Lilerleaved Edition is anew feature Avhich will be 
at once appreciated by all methodical housekeepers. 



For sale by all Booksellers, or sent by mail 
on receipt of price. 

THOMPSON, BIGELOW, &/ BROWN, 
Publishers, Boston. 




We request every person interested to judge from per- 
sonal examination whether it is any exaggeration to say 
the 



will execute a greater variety of sewing, with fewer at- 
tachments and less annoyance than any other 



Universal adaptation, unequalled beauty and simplicity, 
perfection of material, and style of construction and finish, 
recommend it as TME BE^T. 

TERMS OF SALE THE MOST LIBERAL. 



Agents wanted in unoccupied territory. 



WEED SEWING MACHINE CO., 

Salesrooms, 349 Washington Street, first door Iforth of Boston Theatre, 

AND IN EVERY CITY. 



MANUFACTORY, 



HARTFORD, CT. 




B USINESS ANNO UNCEMENTS. 




NEW, SPACIOUS, k ELEGANT STORE, 



-*4hSg6^« 



HeWIKS & HOLLIS, 



®[u)¥^air¥^[^i 



^9 ^ 



IMPORTERS AND RETAILERS OP 



Men'^ f^ttfni^l\ir(^^. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



FINE SHIRTS TO ORDER. 

47 Temple Place, 

NEAR WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTOIST. 



B USINESS ANNO UNCEMENTS. 




Eftablifhed 1817. 



AMERICAN AND FOEEIGN 



Sterling Silver Ware, 
Gorham Plated Goods, 

Paris Mantel Clocks, 

Parlor Bronzes, 
Stone Cameos, 
Diamonds. 



162 Washington Street, Boston. 



T 



^V^.9 



IMPORTERS AI^D JOBBERS OF 



RIBBONS, SILKS, MILLINERY, 

No. 158 Washington Street, .... Boston. 

Kelley & Edmands, 

IMPORTERS OF 

FANCY COODS 



AND 



MERCHANDISE FOR DRUGGISTS 

No. 156 Washington Street, Boston. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



Florists and Floral Seedsmen, 

TREMONT, COR. BOYLSTON STREET, 

J 



We take pleasure in informing our friends and the public, that we have leased for a term of years 
the store corner of Tremont and Boylston Streets, in HOTEL BOYLSTON (a pictorial represen- 
tation of which may be found in text of this book), for the purpose of transacting business as 

FLORISTS AND FLORAL SEEDSMEN, 

and dealers in all articles pertaining to the growth and cultivation of Flowers, and are prepared to 
furnish every description of Floral Work and Design, suitable for WEDDINGS, PARTIES, 
FUNERALS, etc. ; also. Cut Flowers in quantity, and Plants in pots. We possess peculiar ad- 
vantages in having, each of us, very extensive Greenhouses, long established, the products of which 
we have hitherto sold at wholesale to the dealers in Flowers in Boston and New York. 
Patrons may rely upon receiving prompt and courteous attention. 



CALDER & OTIS. 



ATIGtrSTTTS P. CALDER, THEODORE C. OTK, 

Residence and Greenhouses, Blue Hill Avenue, Residence, Townsend St., Boston Highlands, 

Boston Highlands. Greenhouses in Wellesley. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



FURNITURE. 



BEAL & HOOPER, 



MANUFACTURERS OP 



Black "Walnut Ohamber 



AND OTHER 



FURNITU 




For the Trade or at Retail. 



Salesrooms, . . . Haymarket Square. 



BOSTON. 



10 



B USINESS ANNO UNCEMENTS. 



Man^ifacturers, Importers, Jobbers, 
and Retailers 



OF 








AND 





OF EVERY DESCRII'TIOlSr. 



JORDAN, MARSH, & CO., 



Washington and Avon Streets, Boston. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 11 



MacuUar, Williams, & Parker 



CLOTHIERS, 



AND 



IMPORTERS OF FINE WOOLLENS, 



200 



WASHINGTON STREET, 



BOSTON. 



12 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



wmm k 00., 




m 



I I 




AND 



AT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 

Nos. 93 Court and 5 Hanover* Streets, 

BOSTON. 



HENRY K. W.HALL, 




CM 



aper Jealer, 



HAWLEY STREET, 



BOSTON. 



MADE TO ORDER. 



B USINESS ANNO UNCEMENTS. 



13 




lirected A. D. 1712. 



A. WILLIAMS & CO., 

Booksellers and Publishers^ 

Estabhshed 1841, 
135 Wasliington Street, Boston, 

KNOWN AS THE 

. OLD CORNER BOOKSTORE. 



A. W. & CO. respectfully invite the attention of gentlemen and ladies visiting the city to their large 
and varied stock of Books in eveiy department of literature, in elegant as well as plain bindings. The 
stock is selected with great care, and with special reference to making this famous comer a 

FIRST-CLASS RETAIL BOOKSTORE. 

Connected therewith will be found specialties, such as 

SCIENTIFIC AND PHACTICAL HANDBOOKS FOR THE MECHANIC. 

AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL BOOKS. 

MEDICAL AND SURGICAL BOOKS. 

Of the above, probably no place in town offers a larger variety or a more complete assortment. 

A. W. & CO. have recently added a new department, to which they arc constantly making addition- 

by every steamer from Europe, viz. : — 

ALL THE NEW ENGLISH BOOKS. 

Beautiful London Juvenile Books and 

LONDON TOY-BOOKS 

in great variety. 

A. W. <fc CO. are one of the original founders of the Periodical Trade in fhe United States ; disposing of 

the wholesale part, thereof, they have retained and added to their store one of the best 

PERIODICAL COUNTERS 

in the city uf Boston ; thus aiming to make their store one of the most useful, and (they trust) most 
agreeable places of resort in the city. Strangers will find a complete assortment of 

GUIDE-BOOKS, MAPS, GLOBES, 

thus affording to strangers visiting the city a convenient and pleasant place of visiting for amusi-nif-nt 
and literary resort. Please recollect the store, corner Sch^l and Washington Streets, near the City 
Hall, Parker and Tremont Houses. 

A. WILLIAMS & CO. 



H 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



JAMES CAMPBELL, 

standard W^orliS, in elegant Calf and Morocco bindings. 
Illustrated Books, with elegant Engravings by eminent artists. 
Bibles and Prayer Books, in the best styles of English bindings. 
Jnvenile and Toy Books in great profusion, to suit all tastes. 

English, French, and American Stationery, 

ALL OK WHICH ARE OFFERED 

AT THE VEKY LOWEST PRICES. 
Books Imported to Order, with promptness, at the lowest prices. 
Special attention given to Medical and Scientific Books. 



CATALOGUES, 

IN 

U. S. CUKRENCY, 




SENT FREE 



APPLICATION TO 



JAMES CA>IPBEL1j, 18 Tiemoiit Street, Museum Building (a pictorial 
representation of which may be found in the text of this book), Boston, Mass. 



H. M. CLARKE & CO., 



MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 



Pine Book and News Paper, 



PAPER AND STOCK WAREHOUSE, 
9 Milk A 90 Congress Streets^ 



BOSTON. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



15 




ORIGINAL MANUFACTURERS OF 



mer Heltmg, 
Slim PACKING, AND ENGINE HOSE 



Also, Manufacturers of all other articles of 



USED FOR MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING PURPOSES. 



JOHN G. TAPPAN & CO., . . . General Agents, 

54 & 56 Chauncy Street, cor. of Bedford, Boston. 



ESTABLISHED 1831. 



s 



Importer of and Dealer in 






CHOICE TEA.S, 

Wines, Cigars, and Condiments, 



Corner Tremont and Court Streets, 



. . Boston. 



16 BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. * 



« 



DANIEL WEBSTER'S HOME." 



D. B. STEDMAN $( CO., 

|nr|ortm, Mlolesalt m\ ittail gtalm, 
134, 136, & 138 SUMMER ST., souTn'^siyk'kT, BOSTON. 



LARGE ASSORTMENT OF 



FREMOII CHINA, 

DINNER, TEA, & DESSERT SETS, 



CHOICE SEI.ECTION OP 



PARIAN WARE, 

Eroin the Manufactories of W. T, Copeland & Son, 
Minton & Co., and others. 

BISQUE FIGUEES, BRONZES, LAVA & GERMAN 



Jardinieres & Frencli Flower Vases, 

SCOTCH AND BOHEMIAN GLASS WAKE. 

FINE SILVER PLATED IXTARE, 

Table Cutlery, 

WHITE STOME WARE, 

MANUFACTURED LY PANKHURST, EBWAROS. BOOTE, ALPOCK, AND OTHERS 
^^ Ai^sorted Packages suitable for Country Trade. 

ALSO, 

SOLE AGENTS FOR BBONNER'S PATENT GAS BURNER, 

Noted for its brilliancy asirl economy. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 17 



ESTABLISHED 1780. 



B Ak SfL iKa kL S 

CHOCOLATE AND COCOA. 



The Best in the World! 



AV. B^KER & CO. 

Were awarded the highest prize conferred on any manufacturers of 

Chocolate, Cocoa, and Broma at the Paris Exposition of 1867, 

and received the only medal awarded to any 

American manufacturers of these 

articles. Their 

Prepared Cocoa and Vanilla Chocolate 

ARE MANUFACTURED FROM THE FINEST COCOA, AND ARE 

UNEQUALLED IN QUALITY AND FLAVOR. 

ALSO, 

PURE CHOCOLATE FOR CONFECTIONERS' USE, 

AND 

The German Sweet Chocolate, 

so justly celebrated tlirouglioiit the country. 



WALTEIR BAKBR & 

SOLD BY GKOCERS GENEBALLY. 



18 BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 




154 TREMONT STREET. 



JULIUS EICHBERQ, . . Director. 

Supervisor of Music in tlie Boston Public Schools. 



EAGK GLASS CONSISTS OF ONLY FOUR PUPILS. 

The Tea3lier3 have been selected from among the foremost musicians in 
Europe and America. 

Pupils enjoy a larger number of free advantages than in any other Music 
School. 

Organ Practice, Theory, Harmony, Concerts, Soirees, and Lectures free to 
Pupils. 

The Boston Conservatory being considered by the musical profession as the 
most thorough Music School in America, the Director, Mr. Eichberg, refers 
confidently all desirous of information to the leading musicians of this | 
country. 



FALL TERM commences third Monday in SEPTEMBER. 

WINTER " " fourth " NOVEMBER. 

SPRING " " second " FEBRUARY. 

SUMMER " " third " APRIL. 



0:7= Circulars giving particulars will be sent free by addressing 

JULIUS EICHBERG, Director. 



£ USINESS ANNO UNCEMENTS. 



19 



Where Machinery can be boiigjit, sold, or exchanged, what new Jlills, 3Ianufacturhig Enterprises 
<fcc., are being started. The Manufacturing News of the United States. 

^ to Si^il 

The Gossip of Trade, Movements, Prices, and news of all descriptions of Merchandise, and opera- 
tions of buyers and sellers. 



The only weekly list of the Business Changes in the United States, New Firms, Dissolutions, 
Withdrawals, itc. 



"WIieFic t© ff-nd 



Money Matter.-;, Mining, Kailroad and Insurance Intelligence, presented in a terse and readable 
style, spiced with Original Articles on all live topics by the best writers. Wit, Humor, Literary 
Notes, Sketches by Talented Authors, Dramatic Criticisms, &c. 

IN THE 



losto: 



' lyLJiJ.. w uXJLXi 



TERMS, 



4.00 A YEAR. 



D^- SAMPS^ES SEMT FREE. 



Address CURTIS GUILD & CO., 

Boston, Mass 



El 



B B 



una 





A MONTHLY MAGAZINE FOR YOUNGEST READERS. 



This unique and much, admired work, begun in 1867, retains its 

Unrivalled Corps of Contributors and Artists, 

and gives in every number a profusion of the 

GHOICEST FIGTUMKS^ 

executed in the best and most costly style, and designed especially for the young. 



^^S^ Subscriptions may begin with any Number. 

TERMS: 
:1.50 a Year, iai a^vaascc; . . 15 ceaits a Single Wumber. 

PUBLISHED BY JOHN L. SHOREY, 

36 BromfieSd Street, Boston, Mass. 



^S] 


rfiri 


l^f^Y & Co. 

tef^, 








RAILROAD RECEIPTS, 


NEWSPAPERS, 


SHIPPING RECEIPTS, 


MAGAZINES, 


BILLS OF LADING, 


PAMPHLETS, 


BILL HEADS, 


LECTURES, 


CIRCULARS, 


SERMONS, 


BILLETS, 


BOOKS, 


CERTIFICATES OF STOCK, 


SCHOOL RECORDS, 


BILLS OF EXCHANGE, 


SCHOOL REPORTS, 


BLANK NOTES, 


TOWN REPORTS, 


TRANSFERS, 


CATALOGUES, 


DRAFTS, 


WOOD CUTS, 


INSURANCE APPLICATIONS, 


EXCURSION TICKETS, 


INSURANCE POLICIES, 


CONCERT TICKETS, 


BONDS, 


LECTURE TICKETS, 


LEASES, 


OMNIBUS TICKETS, 


DEEDS, 


LEVEE TICKETS, 


LETTER HEADINGS, 


RAILROAD TICKETS, 


NOTE HEADIliGS, 


TAGS OF EVERY STYLE, 


CHECK BOOKS, 


DRY GOODS TAGS, 


DEPOSIT TAGS, 


CONCERT BILLS, 


ENVELOPES, 


SHOP BILLS, 


EXPRESS ORDERS, 


APOTHECARIES' LABELS, 


PRICES CURRENT, 


SHOW CARDS, 


BANK NOTICES, 


ROAD NOTICES, 


STOCK LISTS, 


TAX LISTS 


BRIEFS, 


TAX BILLS, 


BUSINESS CARDS, 


ORDERS OF EXERCISES, 


WEDDING CARDS, 


REWARDS OF MERIT, 


VISITING CARDS, 


BILLS OF FARE, 


BALL CARDS, 


RECEIPTS, 




WAY BILLS, 


LABELS, &e. 


Sll ofdeiV, iof My <ie^(ffipti 


oi| of Pfii^tii]^, will fedeive 


j)foir\pt kttei|tioi|, k 


fc fek^oi|kMe pfide^. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 21 



BOSTON THEATRE. 



MR. J. B. BOOTH, . . . Lessee and Manager. 



This is the most beautiful, as well as the largest, Theatre in America. 
The edifice stands on a lot extending from Washington to Mason Street, 
the main entrance being from 353 - 363 Washington Street. The unpre- 
tending appearance of the exterior is more than atoned for in the rich- 
ness of decoration and grandeur of proportion which a view of the 
interior presents. The auditorium is circular in form, and the seats are 
so arranged that each one commands a full view of the stage. The 
Theatre is lighted by a massive chandelier suspended from the dome, 
which has five hundred and twelve burners and two hundred thousand 
glittering prisms. The stage is very capacious and complete, and amply 
provided with every species of mechanism which may be wanted for the 
production of effects. 

The acoustics of the building are perfect, and four thousand persons 
can hear distinctly the faintest word or note spoken or sung on the 
stage. The seating capacity of the house is for three thousand four hun- 
dred persons, and fully one thousand more have eligible standing room. 

The best dramatic and operatic performances alternate throughout 
the season, and all artists of distinction make their appearance here, so 
that patrons always enjoy the best class of entertainments. Visitors 
and strangers to the " Hub," desirous of viewing the several " institu- 
tions " which have made it so renowned, should not neglect to visit the 

BOSTON THEATRE. 

Performances are given every evening of the week and on Saturday 
afternoons. The current attractions are noted in the daily newspapers 
and bills of the day. 

MR J. M. WARD, Treasurer. 

MR. H. A. M'GLENEN, Business Agent. 



22 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 




From EVERY SATURDAY of April 20, 1872. 

•'Prof. Heinricli Weisliaupt, of Municli, author of several treatises on litliography, and 
one of the inventors of chromolithography, he having produced the flrst chromolithographs 
in Germany, at the time when Engelmann was doing the same thing in France, writes as 
follows to a gentleman of this city, who sent him some specimens of the publications of 
L. Prang & Co. : ' These exquisite productions of American color-printing, from the world- 
renowned establishment of Mr. L. Prang, are of very great interest to me ; and I have seen 
from them that they do indeed by far excel the best European color-prints. It is obvious 
that this process has reached the highest suramit of its development in America, and in 
view of such perfect reproductions of oil paintings it only remains to be wished that the 
classical works of our most eminent German and other painters be widely distributed by 
these means, so as to aid the cause of general intellectual culture, and of a true love for art.' 
Prof. Weishaupt being an expert in these matters, his testimony is qertainly very flattering 
to L. Prang & Co." 




are sold in all Art-stores throughout the world, but not every chromo 
offered is one of Prang's Chromos, therefore examine the title and 
trade-mark before buying. 

H^ For Illustrated Catalogue enclose postage-stamp to 

L. PR^ISra & CO., Boston. 




BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



23 



\ 



\ 



% 



^ 



"V 



.<b 



^^ C' 



<^. 



^ 



S 




'^. 



/^ 



o. 



-^ 



1872 




,<^ 1639 ^ 

EING proprietors of the first press established in the country, — widely 
known as the University Press, — and having every resource of 
typography at our command, our large experience in Book-making and 
superior facilities for 




ELECTROTYPINd, PRINTIN&, AP B1DIN& 

enable us to execute with accuracy and despatch every description of FINE 
PRINTING ; and we would call the attention of authors and publishers to such 
books of our manufacture as Gesenius's Hebrew Grammar, Harris's Inserts of 
Massachusetts, Baird's Birds of California, Whittier's Snow-Bound, The American 
Enterprise, Beecher's Life of Christ, Crosby's and Goodwin's Greek Grammars and 
Readers, Whitney's Yosemite Guide-Book, Woodbury's German Grammar, Leigh- 
ton's Latin Lessons, and numerous other classic, miscellaneous, and scientific works 
bearing our imprint, as specimens of the beauty and correctness of our printing. 
We have an extensive and carefully selected assortment of 

MODERN AND OLD STYLE TYPE 

from the best foundries in Europe and America, a large variety of ornamental 
initial letters of new and original designs, with head and tail pieces to match, 
and everything in the line of typography to give the page an attractive appearance. 
We have also the most improved 

in the country, including the /arrest Adams Presses, Hoe's Stop Cylinders and largest 
Drum Cylinders, and the only Plating Machine in any printing-office in America, — 
invaluable in fine CUT PRINTING, of which we make a specialty. 

Employing expert proof-readers and the most skilful workmen, and giving our 
personal attention to every detail of our extensive business, we feel confident we 
shall continue to maintain our reputation for 

ACCURATE AND ELEGANT PRINTING 
in all its various branches. 

WELCH, BIGELOW, & CO. 



24 BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



No. 387 WASHINGTON STREET, 

BOSTON. 

(See desigrn of Btiilding: in text of this book.) 



SIX PER CENT INTEREST PAID OIV DEPOSITS re- 
maining in Bank from April 1st to October 1st, or from October 1st 
to April 1st ; all other deposits will draw interest at the rate of five per 
cent for every full calendar month they remain in bank. This is the only 
Savings-Bank in the State that pays interest on deposits for every full 
month, and the only Savings Institution that has a paid-up guarantee fund 
(of $205,000.00) for the express protection of its depositors. 
Deposits commence drawing interest on the 1st day of each month. Drafts 
paid daily without notice. The deposits now remaining in bank exceed 
$3,000,000. 

The Institution is one of the most successful and flourishing in the 
State. 

L. S. HAPGOOD, President. 

ANSON J. STONE, Treasurer. 

FREDERIC H. HENSHAW, Ass't Treasurer. 



B USINESS A NNO UNGEMENTS. 



25 






':J!*^'nmaiimtm'*tM^ 



3 !i l^-SJ..'aM? f f 



Mrj,,f. 






c, ■* ■(» s-k vfi' if, * fl iij _■ i; 

.,!' "'Hi 



i ^ 




MERICAN 



5 7 



CENTRALLY LOCATED. 

CONTAINS OVER FOUR HUNDRED ROOMS. 

SUITES AND SINGLE APARTMENTS, WITH BATHING AND WATER- 
CONVENIENCES ADJOINING, PARTICULARLY DESIRABLE FOR FAMI- 
LIES AND SUMMER TOURISTS. 

PASSENGER ELEVATOR IN CONSTANT OPERATION. 

READING-ROOM, BILLIARD-HALLS, AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE. 



LH;^^\^IS rice & SO]Sr, Proprietors. 



26 BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 









owdoiri pq[Ucif e 



This noted Hotel has been thoroughly modernized. The house has 
been completely remodelled, painted, and newly furnished. Suites 
of rooms with water, bathing-rooms, etc., for large families and small. 
It now offers unsurpassed accommodations for travellers. 

The " Revere " has always been celebrated for its table and the 
attention paid to its guests. Its high reputation in these particulars 
will be maintained. 

WETHERBEE, CHAPIN, & CO., 

IProprietors. 



BUSINESS ANNO UNCEMENTS. 



27 



THE 




Cor. Jcaxoii antr S^xtmoitt Sis., 
BOSTON, 

Conceded to be the most eligibly located of any hotel in Boston, has 
long been known to the travelling public as a First- Class Hotel in 
every particular. Under its present management it has undergone 
thorough renovation ; many improvements have been made ; and an 
elegant Restaurant has been opened in connection with it ; thereby 
offering assurance that its former high reputation will be more than 
maintained. 

WETHERBEE, CHAPIN, & CO., 

^Proprietors. 



28 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



Parker House, 



HARVEY D. PARKER, 
JOHN F. MILLS. 



BOSTON 



On the KuFopeen Plan. 



I^^The most comfortable Dining-Rooms a>nd Restaurant, with the 
best service and cooking to be found in Boston. 



BUSIXESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 29 

THE 

BOSTON DAILY ADVERTISER, 

Commenced in 1813, 

Passed into the control and ownership of the late Nathan Hale in 1814. Mr. Hale orifjinated and 
perpetuated the custom of dailj^ edit(U-ial comment on the topics of the day, both domestic and foreign, 
and from that time to the present the Daily Advertiser has never ceased to discuss, with fearless 
candor, every subject properly within the purview of the daily newspaper. It has never catered nor 
yielded to transient passion or prejudice, nor failed to maintain an elevated standard of journalism. '1 he 
increasing demands upon newspapers has been met by the Advertiser in a corresponding spirit, and 
the scale of expenditure for original editorials, correspondence by telegraph and otherwise, for reporting, 
et cetera, has increased more than fivefold since so recent a date as 1863, compelling an enlargement in 
June, 1872, to forty columns, making it the largest daily paper in New England. Its 

EDITOKIAIi DEPARTMENT 

is organized with reference to a thorough examination and impartial discussion of the questions of the 
day, with the desiro to rise above the ()l)ligaiiiins of partisanship, but at the same time to maintain those 
principles which guided the Repul)lican party in its defence of the national life and also the policy 
and measui'cs which have so greatly tended to our material prosperity, and to make us independent 
of other nations. The object of every journal which hopes to commend its counsel to the judgment of 
discriminating and fair-minded readers is, flrst, to inform itself of the truth ; and second, to enforce it 
by the best means in its power. To accomplish this object is our purpose and constant endeavor. 

CORRESPONDENCE. 

Intelligent observers and trained writers, with peculiar facilities for obtaining information in the great 
capitals and centres of interest at home and abroad, make the Daily Advertiser the medium of their 
correspondence ; and their number is increased as new exigencies call lor their services. Special pains 
have been taken to secure full and trustworthy telegraphic correspondence from Washington and from 
other American cities. 

REPORTING. 

In the department of general and local news, it is our purpose to give as prompt and full a record of 
each day's important events as the telegraph, the mails, and special reporters can furnish, and as is 
consistent with entire accuracy, — making the record both interesting for the passing hour and fit to be 
referred to hereafter. This includes reports of public meetings of every character, the records of the 
courts, the transactions of commercial, literary, and reformatory associations, the progress of legislation 
and administration, national. State, and municipal, and the daily incidents which niake up the life of 
the citizens of a republic. The attention of skilful and independent writers is given to the department 
of music and the drama, and to general literary criticism. The 

FINANCIAL, COMMERCIAL, AND MARINE RECORDS 

have long been an authority with the commercial and business public. It is our constant purpose to 
preserve their accuracy and fulness, and to increase their scope with each increasing demand. To these 
has been recentlv added 

A REAE ESTATE RECORD, 

which will present from day to day, as accurately as possible, the changes and fluctuations in this 
branch of business. 

LITERARY MISCEL,L,ANY. 

And in addition to all the regular departments of a w^ell-organized newspaper, we give such selections of 
current miscellany and contributions on topics of special interest from time to time, as will make the 
Daily Advertiser as welcome a visitor at the breaktiist-table and the tireside as it has long been a 
necessary one at all places of professional and business enterprise in New England. 



THE SEMI-WEEKLY ADVERTISER. 

The Semi-Weekly Advertiser is printed every Tuesday and Friday morning, contains few adver- 
tisements, and is devoted to news and miscellaneous reading. It contains all the important news of the 
Daily, concisely and compactly arranged, all its more interesting correspondence, together with its 
editorials and miscellaneous selections. To travellers and residents abroad, and to those at home who 
live at such a distance as to make the receipt of a daily newspaper impracticable, the Semi-Weekly is 
commended as the next best thing. 



THE WEEKLY ADVERTISER. 

The Weekly Advertiser contains all the reading matter of the Daily not of purely transient or 
local interest, and adds thereto a carefnllv digei^ted summary of the news of the week, and an agricul- 
tural department prepared exclusively for this edition. 



TERMS: 

The subscription price of the Daily Advertiser is $ 12 per annum. To clubs of Ave and under 
twenty, to one address, the price is $ 9.50 per copy. To clubs of twenty and upwards, the price is 
$ 9 ner copy. 
The subscription price of the Semi-Weekly Advertiser is $4 per year. 

The subscription price of the Weekly Advertiser is $2 per vear. To clubs of 10 and upwards 
the price is $ 1.50 per copy. Address E. F. WATERS, Tre'asvirer, 

BOSTON DAILY ADVERTISER, 

89 Court Street, Boston. 



30 BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 

BOSTOISr 

DAILY EVENING TRANSCRIPT, 

AND 

0FFIC3E, TRANSCRIPT BUILDING, 150 WASHINGTON STREET. 



The Transcript Establishment, in its permanent home in the new and commodious building recently 
erected by the Proprietors at the above eligible location, has been furnished with New Type and Mate- 
rials throughout, together with a Four-Cylinder Press and a splendid New Double Six-Cylinder 
liishtuing: Press. This superb printing-machine enables the Publishers to print the 

Largest Quarto Daily Sheet in America, 

of sixty-four long columns, or double the size of the Daily Transcript in its regular folio fonn. | 

This mammoth paper is issued on Saturdays, and on other days when required by a pressure of news j 
or advertisements, thus giving ample space for the 

LATEST NEWS 

by Telegraph from all parts of the country, and by Cable from Europe and all quarters of the globe. 
The Quarto Transcript contains between Thirty and Forty Columns of the freshest reading 

matter, comprising „ _ „ ,^^ 

HOME AND FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE 

from intclUgent and reliable parties in the principal capitals; 

LITERARY SEI.ECTIONS 

from the ablest productions of the most popular European and American authors; and 

INDEPENDENT ORIGINAL ARTICLES 

upon the current topics of thought, sentiment, and hiterest agitating the public mind. 

The Daily Transcript also publishes full reports of the Official Proceedings of the Boston OHy 
Government, by special engagement with the municipal authorities. 

The Transcript publishes Four Editions daily. 

^9.00 per Year; ^4.50 for Six Mouths. 



Published on TUESDAYS, is an attractive and valuable newspaper of thirty-two columns, exclusively 
reading matter, judiciously selected for the household circle. It will be mailed to subscribers at the 
low price of JSl 3.00 per annum in advance ; Five Copies one year (to one address) ® 7.50 ; Ten 
Copies one year (to one address) ^ 15.00 ; and one copy to the getter-up of a Club of Ten, and two 
to Clubs of Twenty and above. 



Orders for either of the above papers — accompanied with the cash — should be addressed to 
the Publishers, 

HENRY Vr. BUTTON 8c SON, 

Transcript Building, .• . 150 Washington Street, Boston. 



B USINESS ANNO UNCEMENTS. 



31 




To Sell." 



S. M. Agents : It don't pay you to fight the 
best machine. Prove our claims. Get the 
agency and sell it. Call on or address 

147 Tremont St., Boston. 



THE 




Life aaid Accklesit 

INSURANCE COMPANY, 

OF HARTFORD, CONN. 



CasliMs,is^l,919,891i8 

GENERAL ACCIDENT POLICIES 

written by the month or year. The TRAVELERS 
has paid over 15,000 claims for Death or Injury 
by Accident, returning to policy holders a sum 
equal to about SEVEN HUNDRED DOLLARS A 
DAY for every working day since the Company 
began business. 

LIFE AND ENDOWMENT POL- 
ICIES of all usual forms, uniting AMPLE 
SECURITY and MODERATE COST, under a 
DEFINITE CONTRACT. Premium system, the 
favorite Low Rate Cash Plan. The reduction of 
premium at the outset is equivalent to a large 
" dividend " in advance. 
Boston Office, 89 TVashington Street. 
Jlgenaes Eceryw/icre. 



MUSICAL VISITORS to the "Hub" should not neglect, among the " sights," the 
great Music Store of Oliver Ditson <fc Co., the largest Music Publishing-house in America. 
Every one is welcome to call, and purchajic, perhaps, their 

WORLD'S PEACE JUBILEE CHORUS-BOOK, 

now in the hands of the 20,000 Jubilee Singers ; amied with Ihis, one need not fear to encounter the 
great storm of sound which will assail you in the Coliseum. Besides, one will doubly enjoy the 
singing. Price of book, 75 cents. 

Or you may accept as a free gift, Specimen pages of what is to be the " sensation " among Choirs and 
Singing-Schools the commg season ; that is, 

THE STANDARD, a collection of sacred music, 

by L. O. EMERSON, of Boston, whose works .are immensely popular in the East, and II. R. PALMER 
of Chicago, whose recent works have been very successful in the West. Price, $1.50. 

OLIVER DITSOM & CO., 277 Washington St., Boston. 

THE NOVELTY PRINTING PRESS 

still maintains its reputation as the best ever invented v^ith which to 

If 

and is the most valuable addition to the Business Office, the most 
efficient instructor in Schools, the most fascinating and instructive 
amusement in the Family, and unsurpassed for the use of Amateur 
and Regular Job Printers. 

Send for Illustrated Pamphlet, to BENJ. O. WOODS, Manufac- 
turer, 351 Federal St., Boston, Mass, ; "VV. Y. Edwards, 543 Broadway, 
New York ; Kellkt, Howell, & LrowiG, 917 iNInrket St., Philadel- 
phia, Pa. ; A. C. Kellogc, 53 South Jefferson St., Chicago, 111. ; J. F. 
Edwards, 120 North Sixth St., St. Louis, Mo. ; Agents. 




32 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 





WASH8NGT0N 



$^Sf^Uvi. 



FIRST-CLASS Designing and Engraving on Wood executed 
with the utmost promptness. 

Refer by permission to James R. Osgood & Co. 

Crow]iiiiTriiiiiii)li™'Jallet, Davis, & Co. Piai 

, Testimony from tlie highest Musical Authorities in the 
World, viz. : F. Liszt, the First Pianist in the World ; Prof. Dr.THEOD. 
I KuLLAK, Director Academy Music, Berlin, and Court Pianist ; Prof. Jos. 
Joachim, Director Royal Academy of Music, Berlin ; Joseph Gungl, 
Director of Music to King of PruFsia, and Leader of Orchestra to Emperor 
of Austria; Gust. Reichardt, Chief Director of Music to King of Prussia; 
Et. Soubke, Director Royal Conservatory of Music at Liege, Belgium; 
Fkanz Bendel, Pupil of Liszt, Berlin; J. Neilissov, Court Pianist, 

St. Petersburg; Theo. Ratzenberg, Pianist to the Court in Dusseldoi-fj 

Directors of the Conservatory of Music, Leipzig, and from the leading Musical Papers of 
Gtermany, freely admitting that their own manufacturers are " unable to build such splendid instru- 
ments," and pronounce Hallet, Davis <fc Co. " ahead of all other makers." 

Forty-three premiums avi^arded in this country! More than 16,000 Pianos manufactured ! House 
established 38 years! Pianos used in the leading Conservatories in the United States, and Public 
Schools of Boston. Prices ranging from !§ 350 to $ 1,400. Every instrument warranted for ten 
years. Send for illustrated catalogue, free. 

HAI^IiET, DAVIS & CO, 273 Washington St., Boston. 





p'ii;i|:S':ll^:t L ^ &:'Ri;c:|^^^ 



— ^S-«< 



186 



Woo!). 

WASHINGTON STREET, Cor. FRANKLIN, 
BOSTON. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 33 

THE LATEST NEWS 

FROM All PARTS OF THE WORLD, 

SEE 

BOnON DAILY TRAVELLER, 



THE 



Largest Evening Paper 

« IN 

Iffew XSnglandi 



Boston (wSy) Traveller 



AND 



AMERICAN TRAVELLER 

(W^kly) 

Contain all the Latest News, The " Review of the Week," Full Market 

and Shipping Reports, choice Original and Selected 

Stories, and Correspondence. Giving 

in each issue 

Thirty Columns of Reading Matter. 

SPECIMEN COPIES SENT FREE. 



WOUTHINGTON, FLANDERS, & CO., 

Traveller Buildings, State Street, Boston. 



34 BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



S. D. WARRE J & CO., 

PAPER WAREHOUSE, 

91 Milk k 90 Congress Streets, 

BOSTON, MASS. 

MAUUTACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 

EVERY VARIETY OF PRINTING PAPER. 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

Foreign and Domestic Paper Stock. 



"THE BEST JUVENILE MAGAZINE EVER PUBLISHED IN ANY 
LAND OR LANGUAGE."— Philadelphia Press. 



hi ^Itttstmkd ^ontMjj c^HgHMtm fai[ §a^^ md 0rl^. 

EDITED BY J. T. TROWBRIDGE AND LUCY LARCOM. 



OUR YOUNG FOLKS holds undisputed the foremost rank among magazines for Boys 
and Girls. The variety and excellence of its Stories, Sketches of Travel and Discovery, 
Papj|rs on Scientific and Industrial topics. Poems, and other diversified Literary Contents, 
render it both instructive and entertaining, and win for it the hearty favor of those who 
read for amusement or for profit. The number and superiority of its pictures give it addi- 
tional value and attraction. 

TERMS : 
Single copies, 20 cents. $ 2.00 a year in advance. An extra copy for Five Subscriptions. 
Our Young Folks and Atlantic Monthly, $ 5.00. 

JAMES R. OSGOOD & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



• BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENT^. 35 

THE 6L0BE. 

366 IVashing^ton St., uear £ssex St., 

BOSTON. 

MR. ARTHUR CHENEY, Sole Proprietor. 

MR. W. R. FLOYD, Manager. 



« ^a^ » 



This elegant and popular establishment, so perfect in all its appointments, as to have 
obtained for it the titles of the 



MODEL THEATRE OF AMERICA 



AND THE 



" Parlor Home of Comedy," 



IS NOW OPEN, FOR 



FIRST-CLASS ENTERTAINMENTS ONLY, 

ILLUSTRATED AND INTERPRETED BY 

Artists of Acknowledged Talent and Ability. 



PERFORMANCES EVERY EVENING AND SATURDAY AFTERNOON. 



The Carefully Selected Orchestra 

is under the competent direction of the accomplished Musician and Conductor, 
MR. CHARJLES KOPPITZ. 



^ SCALE OF FRICES : 

Admission 50 cents 

Orchestra Stalls .... $ 1.00 

Balcony $1.00 

Parquet Circle .... 75 cents 
Dress Circle 75 cents 



Family Circle 30 cents 

Reserved Seats in Family Circle 60 cents 
Proscenium and Family Boxes, 
according: to location, 

9 6, $ 8, $ 10, and 9 IS 



Box Office open dailjf from 8^ A. M. till 10 P. M., where seats can be secured 
one week in advance. 

Doors open At 1.30 and 7.15 P.M. Performance begrins at 2 and 7.45. 



TREASURER, . . MR. GEORGE^ B. PARNSWORTH. 



36 BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 

-If 



RICE, KENDALL, & CO., 

WHOLESALE 

PAPER WAREHOUSE, 



IMPORTERS OF 



Paper Manufacturers' Materials, 

FELTSi YTIREB, &c. 

Milk Sfi^ .... Boston. 

Boston Museum. 

ACTING MANAGER, ..... MR. R. M. FIELD. 



Established 1841. Removed to the present building, constructed especially for it, in 
1845. Remodelled in 1867, and to be again remodelled during the summer of 1872, to conform 
in its auditorium to the most elegant comedy theatres in the world. Has a large and very 
powerful stock company, by whom the best dramatic entertainments are given 

EVERY EVENING, AND ON WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY AFTERNOONS. 

• \ 

THEIR VITEDDIIVG JOURIffEY. 

By W. D. HOWELLS. • 

WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS BY HOPPIN. 
Price, $'^.50. 

" Basil and Isabel go on a wedding journey. That is almost all the plot there is. But upon this 
slender thread Mr. Howells has strung all his strange fancies and pow%ful descriptions ; with this story, 
which is next to no story at all, he has made one of the richest of books." — Hearth and Home. 



*** For sale by all Booksellers. Sent, post-paid, on receipt of price by the Publishers, 

JAMES R. OSGOOD & CO., Boston. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 37 



FOUR CENTS. 



< ■^•^ » 



FOR MUSIC AND THE DRAMA, FULLY REPORTED, SEE THE 
BOSTON DAII.Y GLOBE. 



FOR FRESHEST NOTICES OF ALL NEW BOOKS, SEE THE 
BOSTON DAILY GLOB%. 



FOR FULLEST FINANCIAL REPORTS, SEE THE BOSTON 

DAILY GLOBE. 

— — • 

FOR CORRESPONDENCE FROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD, 
SEE THE BOSTON DAILY GLOBE. 



■ FOR THE ENTIRE NEWS OF THE DAY, SEE THE BOSTON 

DAILY GLOBE. 

• 

FOR A VOLUME OP READING IN ONE PAPER, SEE THE 
BOSTON DAILY GLOBE. ' 



FOR FRESHEST EDITORIALS UPON CURRENT THEMES, SEE 
THE BOSTON DAILY GLOBE. 



FOR FULLEST FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE, SEE THE BOSTON 

DAILY GLOBE. 

♦ 

FOR FULLEST SYNOPSIS OF LAW AND THE COURTS, SEE 
THE BOSTON DAILY GLOBE. 



FOR FULLEST RECORD OF OUT-DOOR SPORTS, SEE THE 
BOSTON DAILY GLOBE. 

« 

FOR FULLEST RECORD OF COMMERCIAL AND MARINE 
NEWS, SEE THE BOSTON DAILY GLOBE. 



FOR LATEST SPECIAL TELEGRAPHIC NEWS, SEE THE BOS- 
TON DAILY GLOBE. 



Four Cents Everywhere, 



i 38 



B USINESS ANNO UNCEMENTS. 



SIiGIN IXTATCHESS, 





18,000 beats an boiir. Same train as B. W. 
Ra3rmond. 



The famous Railroad Watch. Quick train ; 
adjusted to temperature ; the best time-keeper 
in America. 

MANUFACTURED BY THE 

National Watch Company, 



Sold by the Company (without cases) at wholesale only* 
FOR SALE, 

IN COLD AND SILVER CASES, 

BY JEWELLERS EVERYWHERE. 




CHICAGO, 

Illinois ; 

No. 1 Maiden Lane, 

NEW YORK. 




Adjusted to temperature. 
The £ncst Lady's Watch made in this country. 



Elegant, strongly made, correct time-keepers ; 
more of them now sold in the United States than 
any other American or Foreign made Lady's 
Watch. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 39 

WHITE'S 

SPECIALTY FOR DYSPEPSIA. 

This is not a new preparation to be tried and found wanting. It has been prescribed daily 
for many years< in the practice of an eminent physician, with unparalleled success. It is 
Not expected or intended to cure all the diseases to which the human family is subject, 
but is 

WARRANTED TO CURE DYSPEPSIA, 

IN ITS MOST OBSTINATE FORM, 

Relief being always obtained from the first use, and a Fermaneirt Cure 
effected, when properly continued. 

Symptoms of Dyspepsia are pain in the pit of the stomach, 
caused by contraction upon undigested food, usually soon after 
eating. 

Acidity and wind caused by food fermenting instead of di- 
gesting. 

Costiveness and loss of appetite, owing to unnatural condition 
of food and want of gastric juice. 

Pain in the head, sides, breast, and extremities, mouth clammy 
with bad taste and furred tongue. 

Consumptive symptoms, cough and palpitation of heart often 
mistaken for consumption while it is only a symptom of dyspepsia. 

i Sleeplessness, dizziness, headache, gloom, and depression of 
j spirits, are all alarming symptoms if neglected, but which are 
easily removed by the use of 

White's Specialty for Dyspepsia. 

PREPARED ONLY BY 

H. G. ^imiTB^ . . Bosf on^ Mass. 



Price, One Dollar per Bottle. 
FOR SALE BY ALL DHUGGISTS. 



40 



B USINESS ANNO UNCEMENTS. 



THE 



BROOKLYN LIFE 



CHRISTIAN W. BOUGK, 

President. 

WM. H. WALLACE, 

Vice-President. 



D. P. FACKLER, 

Consulting Actuary. 



WM. BUTCHER, 

Casliier. 



WILLIAM ^. COLE, 

SecrlHary. 



QMPANY P^^^^^ AYERS,M.I).,LL.D. 



OF 



Medical Director. 



NEW YORK.] 



AUGUSTUS FORD, 

Counsel. 



WITH A PAID-UP CASH GUARANTEE CAPITAL AND ASSETS 
AMOUNTING TO 

Ti^o Millions of Dollars, 

AND ACCUMULATIONS INCREASING. 



OFFICES: 320 AND 322 BROADWAY, 



The Pioneer Company in the adoption of the Beneficial Feature 
of guaranteeing a Cash Surrender Value and endors- 
ing the amount of the same in dollars and 
cents on each Policy when issued. 



AGENTS WANTED THROUGHOUT NEW ENGLAND. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



41 




mEmm 




TARRANT'S 



EFFERVESCENT 




•iEMZW 




This valuable and popular Medicine has universally received the most favorable recom- 
mendations of the Medical Profession and the Public as the 
MOST EFFICIENT AND AGREEABLE 



IT MAY BE USED WITH THE BEST EFFECT IN 

Bilious and Febrile Diseases, Costiveness, Sick Headache, 

Nausea, Loss of Appetite, Indigestion, Acidity 

of the Stomach, Torpidity of the Liver, 

Gout, Rheumatic Affections, 

AND ALL COMPLAINTS WHERE 

A GENTLE AND GOOLINO APERIENT OR PURGATIVE 

IS REQUIRED, 

It is particularly adapted to the wants of Travellers by Sea and Land, Residents in 
Hot Climates, Persons of Sedentary habits, Invalids and Convalescents ; Captains of Ves- 
sels and Planters will find it a valuable addition to their Medicine Chests. 

It is in the form of a Powder, carefully put up in bottles to keep in any cli- 
mate, and merely requires water pouyed upon it to pro- 
duce a deliglitful Efiervescent Beverage. 

Numerous testimonials, from professional and other gentlemen of the highest standing 
throughout the country, and its steadily increasing popularity for a series of years, strongly 
guarantee its efficacy and valuable character, and commend it to the favorable notice of an 
intelligent public. 



MANUFACTURED ONLY BY THE SOLE PROPRIETORS, 




42 BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 

STANDARD BOOKS AT RETAIL 



MESSRS. JAMES R. OSGOOD & CO. 

oflFer at retail their own publications, in 

Both Common and Fine Bindings. 

THEIR LIST EMBRACES: 
The only authorized American Editions of DICKENS, in four popular and elegant 
styles. 

THE WAVERLEY NOVELS, in two handsome editions. 

TENNYSON'S POEMS, in twelve diflferent editions. 

LONGFELLOW'S PROSE AND POETICAL WORKS, in three styles. 

POETRY. — The most distinguished and popular American and British Poets, in- 
cluding Whittier, Lowell, Holmes, Saxe, Bayard Taylor, Aldrich, Brown- 
ing, Matthew Arnold, Bret Harte, Hay, H. H., Leigh Hunt, Lucy Larcom, 
Stoddard, Stedman, Adelaide Procter, Miss Mulock, Owen Meredith, 
Gerald Massey, Motherwell, and many others. 

ESSAYS — by Emerson,Whipple, Holmes, Lowell, Thoreau, Fields, C. D.Warner, 
Gail Hamilton, De Quincey, The Country Parson, Matthew Arnold, Dr. 
John Brown, Mrs. Jameson, the brothers Hare, Higginson, and Henry Tayler. 

NOVELS — by Hawthorne, Holmes, Thackeray, Miss Thackeray, Mrs. Stowe, 
George Eliot, Edmund Yates, Charles Kingsley, Charles Reade, Henry 
Kingsley, Theodore Winthrop, Mrs. Child, Mrs. Mary Lowell Putnam, 
E Stuart Phelps, Jane Austen, Richter. George Sand, Anne C. Seemuller, 
Harriet Prescott Spofford, Miss Cummins, and others. 

BIOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL WORKS — by Parton, Dean Stan- 
ley, Arago, Ticknor, Forster, Crabb Robinson, Tom Hughes, Mackenzie, 
Edmund Quincy, Brooke, Smiles. 

JUVENILE BOOKS — by Hawthorne, "Carleton," Mayne Reid, Alice Gary, 
Grace Greenwood, Mrs. Diaz, Trowbridge, Aldrich, Gail Hamilton, Stod- 
dard, Mrs. Whitney, and others. 

Also, the Writings of Agassiz, Felton, Goethe, Hillard, E. E. Hale, Bret Harte, 
Murray, Charles Dudley Warner, H. H., Mrs. Leonowens, Norton, James, 
Dio Lewis, Robertson, Swinburne, and numerous others. 

Q;^ Catalogues gratis upon application. 



Messrs. James R. Osgood & Co. also publish the following First-Class Periodicals : 



The Atlantic Monthly, $4 00 a year 
Our Young Folks, . . . 2.00 » 



Every Saturday, . . . .$5.00 a year 
North American Review, 6.00 " 



B^=*SEND FOR FULL PROSPECTUS. 



JAMES R. OSGOOD & CO., Publishers, 

124 Tremont Street, Boston. 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 



43 



W. B. SEARS, Agent. 




(Fireman's Fund Ins. Co.'s Building, S. W. cor. California and Sansom Sts., San Francisco.) 

Fireman's Fund Ins. Co., 



SAlSr FRANCISCO, CAL. 



D. J. Staples, President. 
Chas. E. Bond, Secretary. 



Geo. D. DoENiN, Vice-President. 
Thomas Gbant, General Agent. 



CAPITAL, in Gold Coin, $500,000, 



Union Insurance Company, 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 

GusTAVE ToucHARD, President. Charles D. Haven, Secretary. 

CAPITAL, in Gold Coin, $750,000. 



Fire Insurance effscteiin Boston, New Yort, & Eiilisli Compies. 



LOSSES PROMPTLY PAID AT 40 STATE STREET, BOSTON. 



W. 



SEARS, AcENT. 



44 



BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 







INVENTOR, MANUFACTURER, AND DEALER IN 

CHILiSOWS celebrated and unrivalled 

FURNACES, BRICK IJD PORTABLE, 

FOR WARMING BUILDINGS. 
CHIIiSOWS well-known and everywhere popular 

• COOKING RANGES, 

BRICK AND PORTABLE. 

CHILSOWS splendid new pattern 

COOKING & PAELOR STOVES. 

CHILSON'S beautiful assortment of 

Parlor anfl Claier Fraiie Grates, Registers, Ventilators, 

PATENT DAMPERS, &o. 

TINGLEY'S AUTOMATIC HEAT-GOVERNORS, 

For Beg^ulatlng: the Fire-Draft of Furnaces. 



Special attention given to the warming and ventilation of buildings, and putting up 
Cooking Apparatus in any part of the country. 
Nothing but what is strictly first-class work is manufactured by me. 



Warerooms, 99 & 101 Blackstone Street, Boston. 

FOUNDRY AT MANSFIELD, MASS. 

OAISDJVER €HILISOr¥. 



GIIiBIOIlXS 

TO 

The Mason & Hamlin Organ Co. 

Gentlemen . — Having had one of your celehrafed Cabinet Organs in n,i/ lioitse for the ]iast fiw 
years, I know not how to express niy admiration of its qualities as a itiiisical inslrimient Its evenness 
and pnritt/ of tone its power — and, in fact, all its ronihi nations, musical and niechvnicdl — are 
ivdnderfully heautifid_ surpassing in every respect all other Parlor Organs that hare come under my 
notice. I should now feel myself deprived of a very great jileasnre, could I not have. the compan- 
ionship of your magnificent instrument, and I hope the day maij soon come ivhen the rich andr( ligious 
harmonies of a Mason Sf Hamlin Cabinet Organ will be heard in even/ house in the land 

Boston, May 1, 1872. Yours truly, P. S. GILMORE. 



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EXTRAORDINARY IMPROVEMENTS IN CABINET ORGANS. 

The Mason & IIamt/n Org\n Co., respectfully announce the introdiu tion of iuiprovenients of much more 
than ordinary interest. These are 

REED AND PIPE CABINET ORGANS, 

invented and patented hv Mr. Carl Fogelberg, a Swedish Or<!:an builder, and the only successful combina- 
tion of real pipes with reeJs ever made. {See circulars for jinrticiilars.) 

DAY'S TRANSPOSING KEY-BOARD, 

Invented and patented by Mr. W. G. Day, of Baltimore, by which the performer can instantly move the 
Keyboard to the right or left, and so play at a higher or lower pitch. ( See particulars in circular.) 
Being Patented, these will be made only by the Mason & Hamlin Co. Also, 

NEW AND ELEGANT STYLES OF DOUBLE REED CABINET ORGANS, 

at very L.ow Prices, —$140, S133, « 125 each. 

Considering Capacity, Elegance, and thorough Excellence, the pricey of these new styles are 
un precedent edhj Low. 

Acknowledged to make the BEST, this Company now undertake to sell at such prices 
that their Organs shall be UNQUIUSTIONABL-Y CHJBAPEST, 

Which they certainly are enabled to do, by the possession of Extensive Marlnmry and Unequalled Facilities 
for Mnnvfarture ; and they invite attention to their present prices, which will be found as low, or even less, 
thati the 'prices demanded for common and very inferior Organs. 

Four-Octave Organs. »50 each Five-Octave, »100, »125, SI 33, i»140, and upwards. 
Forty other styles at proportionate prices, up to S» 1 ,500 each. 

Ne^v Illustrated Catalogues and Circulars, with full descriptions of new styles and improvements; 
also Testimonial Circular ; all sent free to any address. 

iVIillSOJV & HAITIIillV ORGAIV CO.^ 

154 Tremont St., Boston; 596 Broadway, New York. 



To Housekeepers and Heads of Families 





Mallbrd Sauce Co. 




The Best Article made in any part of the Woric 

For Family use. 



TO BE HADOF ALLORO-CERS. 



■^m^, 



'!i: 



Cover PRINTFn RY A. HOLLAND. 37 BOWKER STREET. BOSTON, MASS. 



